International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR)

Strengthening Cooperative Business Performance through Human Resource Economics: The Effect of Workload, Work Environment, and Compensation on Employee Productivity

2025-09-24T10:20:44+00:00

This study aims to examine the effect of workload, work environment, and compensation on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously, at Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Karya Abadi in Buleleng. Employee performance has become a critical focus due to inconsistent achievement of monthly work targets and indications of imbalance between workload and received compensation. Adopting a quantitative approach, the study involved all 30 employees of KSP Karya Abadi as the research sample, using a census sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 25.0. The findings reveal that workload has a negative and significant effect on employee performance, while work environment and compensation each have a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence employee performance. These results underscore the importance of balanced workload management, a supportive work environment, and fair compensation as key factors in enhancing employee productivity and, consequently, strengthening cooperative business performance.

Management Strategy for Community Zakat Fund Collection for Sustainable Human Prosperity and Well-Being in Singapore

2025-09-28T05:24:04+00:00

Strategic management in the management of zakat in Singapore has provided a leading breakthrough in encouraging minimal risks from community fund management. Practices that are far from corruption, collusion and nepotism make the fund management institution an institution that is worthy of being adopted. Good zakat fund collection has been proven to have a positive influence on increasing zakat collections in Singapore in the sector of the availability of social services, education facilities, health and employment for the Muslim community. Singapore as the only developed country in Southeast Asia is very appropriate to be a pilot country in various aspects of zakat fund management. This study aims to explore and describe the practice of zakat fund management in Singapore. This study was designed with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, interviews and observations. The data analysis technique used Miles Huberman with the stages of data collection, data reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The findings of this study provide extensive learning about comprehensive zakat fund management that is beneficial for any institution or country in achieving sustainable prosperity and prosperity. This study provides several recommendations for countries and institutions managing community funds in achieving sustainable prosperity and welfare goals.

Strategic Development of Taman Rejeki Group in Advancing Renewable Energy Contributions in Indonesia's Energy Transition

2025-09-28T06:39:30+00:00

This study examines the strategic development of Taman Rejeki Group in achieving its 500 MW renewable energy target by 2030. Using a hybrid methodology that combines PESTLE analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, and scenario planning the research identifies the driving factors and uncertainties influencing the company's renewable energy strategy. The study employs backcasting to work backward from the target goal outlining strategic steps to overcome identified barriers and capitalize on opportunities. The results of this research findings key uncertainties renewable energy in Indonesia such as PPA Terms & Conditions and Political Will are explored with four potential future scenarios developed suggest that Taman Rejeki Group must adopt flexible strategies aligned with these scenarios aggressive expansion in the stark protocol scenario with favorable conditions, efficiency and cash flow protection in the wakanda shield scenario with high-risk PPA, adaptation to sudden changes in the time loop strategy scenario with volatile political climates, and a survival strategy in the dark night plan scenario with regressive policy conditions. These strategies will ensure that the company can navigate varying political, regulatory, and financial environments, driving progress toward the 500 MW target by 2030.

The Influence of Business Legality, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Digital Transformation on Increasing the Competitiveness of MSMEs in Buleleng Regency

2025-09-28T08:10:05+00:00

This study aims to determine how the influence of Business Legality, Entrepreneurial Mindset and Digital Transformation on Increasing Competitiveness in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Buleleng Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach, with the data collection technique used is a questionnaire distributed with Google Form media and a physical questionnaire assisted by the PLUT KUMKM Buleleng assistant with a Likert scale measuring instrument, where those selected as respondents are MSME owners with a total of 100 business owners. The data analysis technique used in this study is a structural equation model ( Structural Equation Modeling SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) using the SmartPLS application . The novelty of this study lies in variables that have not been widely studied such as business legality variables, entrepreneurial mindset, digital transformation and competitiveness. In addition, the novelty of this study is that there has not been any research that directly examines the influence of entrepreneurial mindset on increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs. The results of the study indicate that Business Legality, Entrepreneurial Mindset , and Digital Transformation have a positive and significant effect on Increasing the Competitiveness of MSMEs. The research findings indicate that ownership of business legality, entrepreneurial mindset and carrying out digital transformation can increase competitiveness so that MSMEs are able to survive and continue to grow. The results of this study offer insights, valuable suggestions and provide solutions to problems related to increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs. Thus, the research findings can be a guideline for decisions for MSMEs and future government policies to help overcome the problems of MSME competitiveness .

Integrating Economic and Social Values in the Home Industries: A Study on the Implementation of Creating Shared Value (CSV) in the Gadingrejo Tofu Center

2025-08-07T05:52:46+00:00

This study aims to examine the implementation of the Creating Shared Value (CSV) approach in integrating economic and social values within home industries, specifically at the tofu production centre in Gadingrejo. A qualitative approach was employed to investigate the dynamics of collaboration among tofu industry players, farmer groups, local communities, community leaders, and environmental activists in the management of tofu waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The research findings indicate that cross-sector collaboration can create solutions that not only address environmental pollution issues but also generate economic benefits for local actors. This process forms an interdependent social ecosystem and supports the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as sustainable production, food security, and strategic partnerships. This research implies that CSV in the context of home industries is not merely a business strategy but also a driving force for value-based social change, community independence, and environmental sustainability

Strategic Analysis of Executive Competencies and Human Resource Development in the Kaliwatu Group, Batu Tourism City, East Java

2025-09-28T08:57:27+00:00

This research analyze the skills of staff and the human resource development strategy approaches at Kaliwatu Group, a top adventure tourism company in Bumiaji District, Batu, East Java. The study identifies employee knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs), especially concerning whitewater rafting protocols specified in the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) No. 62/2009 and No. 60/2024. This study utilizes a qualitative approach that includes interviews, site observations, and competency evaluations. Although most executive team members possess solid knowledge of operations, safety practices, and customer service, there are still gaps in advanced tourism management and regulation updates. The group's human resource strategy actively incorporates internal and external training, certification initiatives, and peer learning. Nevertheless, hiring tends to favour passion over formal qualifications or certifications, leading to inconsistencies in service quality. The results underscore the urgent need for ongoing, structured professional development to close existing competency voids, improve staff performance, and provide sustainable, high-quality tourism services. Suggestions involve enhancing training programs, aligning more closely with national criteria, expanding knowledge-sharing networks among local tourism experts, and collaborating with the local community.

Post-Event Analysis of The Influence of President Donald Trump's Tweet Sentiment on the Abnormal Returns, Trading Volume Activity, and Volatility of S&P 500 Companies

2025-07-20T07:54:51+00:00

This study examines the impact of tweet sentiment—both positive and negative—and its effect on the day the tweet is posted (event day) and the following day (post-event day) on abnormal return, trading volume activity, and volatility of companies listed on the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock exchange that were directly mentioned in President Donald Trump’s tweets between 2016 and 2019. Using panel data consisting of 326 time series observations and 29 company units, the results indicate a significant positive influence of sentiment on volatility, where positive sentiment tends to reduce market uncertainty. Additionally, there is a delayed effect of time on abnormal return, suggesting that the market responds slowly to information received. These findings support the semi-strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, which posits that investors are capable of processing public information selectively but not operate full alignment when making decisions in the stock market.

Strategic Masterplan for Enhancing Oil Production at the Angsana Field

2025-07-16T14:08:14+00:00

Angsana Field, one of the major oil and gas fields in Indonesia that is operated by PT TerraNova, has received a national production target from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources to produce up to 108 thousand Barrels Oil Per Day (BOPD) Annual Average (AA) in 2025. This production target proves ambitious, given that the base production from the Angsana Field is only expected to reach around 100 thousand BOPD AA. To bridge the gap of 8 thousand BOPD AA, TerraNova intends to implement a comprehensive production optimization strategy, focused on well work.

In the oil and gas industry, the potential oil gain from the well work strategies is usually evaluated using a deterministic approach via reservoir simulation model. However, this method has its own disadvantage of not fully reflecting the complexity of the actual implementation and uncertainty from subsurface aspect. In this study, the integration of deterministic analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are used to provide a more robust analysis on the potential oil gains from well work strategies. Operations management aspect is also considered to create a realistic strategy that aligns with the company’s objective. The results from the analysis indicate that the 8 thousand BOPD AA gap is highly likely to be achieved by prioritizing Type-C well work technology early in the second quarter 2025.

The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Factors Influencing MSME Performance Improvement

2025-01-06T20:21:43+00:00

After the Covid-19 pandemic ended, MSMEs selling online increased. However, price competition in the digital market is very tight, so MSMEs with small capital cannot compete with large companies that have entered the digital market first. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of using digital marketing, financial inclusion and financial literacy on business performance which is mediated through self-efficacy. This research tests causality through a quantitative approach. The population in this study was 100 MSMEs in Kendal, Indonesia. The sample in this study was selected based on purposive sampling with certain criteria. The data analysis method uses linear regression analysis which is tested statistically via SmartPLS. The results of this research found that the use of digital marketing can influence or improve business performance. The use of digital marketing can also increase the self-confidence of MSMEs in managing their business (self efficacy). Ease of access to use financial products and services (Financial inclusion) can improve business performance. Then the ease of accessing financial products and services can also increase self-confidence to be successful (self-efficacy) in managing a business. Self-efficacy cannot mediate the influence of digital marketing, financial literacy and financial inclusion on business performance

Enhancement of the Role of Islamic Social Finance for Renewable Energy Project Financing in Indonesia

2025-09-30T14:06:35+00:00

Renewable energy, being environmentally friendly, needs to see increased utilisation due to the detrimental effects of fossil fuel usage on human life. The government has promoted the Energy Transition programme, yet the adoption of renewable energy remains limited, primarily due to financing challenges and the economic viability of projects. The government cannot tackle this alone; it requires the support of financing schemes backed by social funds from the community. In this regard, aligning with the objectives of Shariah (maqasid shariah), the role of Islamic Social Finance can be enhanced within the concept of Islamic Blended Finance to fund renewable energy projects that have social and environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to develop the role of Islamic Social Finance within Islamic Blended Finance and the necessary regulations, making it a feasible financing scheme that can offer an alternative solution to the funding challenges faced by renewable energy projects. Previous research is limited due to the relative novelty of the topic. This study employs a mixed-methodology approach, incorporating literature review supported by secondary data, as well as primary data from interviews with competent informants.

Social Media, Influencers and FOMO : Key Drivers of Generation Z’s Cryptocurrency Investment Behavior

2025-09-04T10:31:00+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of social media, influencers, and the fear of missing out (FOMO) phenomenon on cryptocurrency investment decisions. In the digital era, social media has become a key channel for information and communication, including in finance and investment. Influencers on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, TikTok, and Facebook often serve as sources of investment recommendations, particularly among Generation Z. At the same time, FOMO drives Generation Z to make investment decisions out of fear of being left behind by emerging trends. This research employs a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to Generation Z respondents in Medan. The findings reveal that social media, influencers, and FOMO significantly affect investment decisions, with social media exerting the strongest influence in shaping quick and high-risk choices. Overall, the study shows that Generation Z’s cryptocurrency investment decisions are more emotionally driven—through social media, influencers, and FOMO—than based on rational information.

The Effect of Financial Performance and Sustainability Performance on Stock Prices with Earnings Management as a Moderating Variable in the Coal Sub-Sector of Southeast Asia 2022-2024

2025-10-04T04:32:42+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance and sustainability performance on stock prices, as well as to examine the moderating role of earnings management in coal sub-sector companies in Southeast Asia. The study uses secondary data obtained from financial statements and sustainability reports of coal companies in Southeast Asia during the 2018–2022 period with a total of 105 observations. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the assistance of SPSS version 26.The results indicate that financial performance has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, while sustainability performance does not have a significant effect. Furthermore, earnings management is proven to moderate the relationship between financial performance and stock prices positively, but it negatively moderates the relationship between sustainability performance and stock prices. This study contributes to the finance and sustainability literature by integrating financial performance, sustainability performance, and earnings management practices into a single research model within the coal sector in Southeast Asia. Previous studies mostly focused on the direct relationship between financial or ESG performance and stock prices, while this study highlights the role of earnings management as both a strengthening and weakening factor in such relationships. This research provides practical implications for investors to consider not only profitability but also governance transparency in order to avoid information distortion caused by earnings management. For regulators, the findings can serve as a basis for strengthening sustainability reporting requirements in coal companies. For corporate management, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainability with sound governance practices to enhance long-term firm value.

Analyzing Price, Service Quality, and Innovation as Drivers of Patient Satisfaction Through Repurchase Decisions in Hospitals

2025-10-05T06:47:28+00:00

Several hospitals do various ways to increase public trust in the services provided, one of which is Siloam Hospital Denpasar. This study aims to provide comprehensive insight into the factors that influence patient satisfaction in conducting Medical Check Ups with a focus on aspects of patient experience, price, service quality, location, innovation, and brand image, and how repurchase decisions can mediate these influences. The research design used in this study is a quantitative approach. The results of the study indicate that price, innovation, and brand image have a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction with medical check ups at Siloam Hospital Denpasar, while patient experience, service quality, and location have a negative effect on patient satisfaction with medical check ups at Siloam Hospital Denpasar. Price, innovation, and brand image have a positive and significant effect on repurchase decisions for medical check ups at Siloam Hospital Denpasar, while patient experience, service quality, and location have a negative effect on repurchase decisions for medical check ups at Siloam Hospital Denpasar. Repurchase decisions are able to mediate the influence of price, innovation, and brand image on patient satisfaction with medical check-ups at Siloam Hospital, Denpasar, but repurchase decisions are not able to mediate patient experience, service quality, and location on patient satisfaction with medical check-ups at Siloam Hospital, Denpasar.

When Digital Marketing Meets e-WOM: Understanding How Purchase Intention Shapes Consumer Decisions at Wahyu Redjo Jewelry, Kediri

2025-10-08T13:36:31+00:00

In this study

Gold jewelry plays a dual role in Indonesia, serving both aesthetic and symbolic functions as a marker of social status and as a reliable investment asset. With the digital transformation, consumer behavior especially among Millennials and Generation Z has shifted significantly: they increasingly rely on online information regarding price, product quality, and brand reputation before committing to a purchase. This study examines factors affecting purchase intention and actual purchase decision at Wahyu Redjo Jewelry’s new store in Kediri, with emphasis on digital marketing strategies and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). Data were collected via a structured survey of potential customers and analysis of customer reviews. Findings indicate that both strong digital marketing presence and favorable e-WOM significantly enhance purchase intention, which in turn highly correlates with purchase decision. These results suggest that Wahyu Redjo should intensify its digital engagement and leverage positive consumer testimonials to build trust and competitiveness in the local Kediri market

The Role of Trust as an Economic Driver: The Impact of Product Quality and User Experience on Shopee Marketplace Purchases

2025-10-09T05:44:05+00:00

This study aims to examine: (1) the effect of product quality on purchasing decisions, (2) the effect of ease of use on purchasing decisions, (3) the effect of trust on purchasing decisions, (4) the effect of product quality on trust, (5) the effect of ease of use on trust, (6) the mediating role of trust on the relationship between product quality and purchasing decisions, and (7) the mediating role of trust on the relationship between ease of use and purchasing decisions. The population of this study consisted of 61 fourth-semester students enrolled in the Master of Management Science Program at Ganesha University of Education. The census method was used to determine the sample, resulting in 61 participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results indicate that: (1) product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, suggesting that higher product quality on the Shopee Marketplace increases students' purchasing decisions; (2) ease of use has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, indicating that greater ease of use enhances students' purchasing decisions; (3) trust positively and significantly affects purchasing decisions, meaning that higher trust in the Shopee Marketplace leads to higher purchasing decisions; (4) product quality positively and significantly influences trust, showing that better product quality increases students' trust; (5) ease of use positively and significantly influences trust, implying that easier use enhances students' trust; (6) trust partially mediates the effect of product quality on purchasing decisions, indicating that higher product quality increases trust, which in turn strengthens purchasing decisions; and (7) trust fully mediates the effect of ease of use on purchasing decisions, suggesting that greater ease of use enhances trust, thereby positively influencing purchasing decisions. These findings highlight the critical role of trust as a mediator between product quality, ease of use, and purchasing decisions in the context of the Shopee Marketplace.

Enhancing Teacher Excellence: The Impact of Competency and Work Facilities Mediated by Work Achievement

2025-09-21T02:44:16+00:00

This study aims to examine the influence of competence and work facilities on teacher performance through job achievement as an intervening variable among teachers at SMP Negeri 8 Singaraja. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on variance, known as Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.0. The results indicate that competence has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, suggesting that higher competence leads to better performance. Work facilities also show a positive and significant impact on performance, implying that adequate facilities help teachers optimize their work. Additionally, competence positively affects job achievement, indicating that competent teachers are more likely to improve their achievements. Work facilities likewise significantly enhance job achievement by supporting teaching activities. Finally, job achievement has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, confirming that higher achievement leads to better overall performance.

Unveiling Tomorrow's Labor Market: A Data-Driven Forecast of Open Unemployment in Bandung Regency (2025–2029)

2025-09-16T13:59:09+00:00

This study aims to project the Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) in Bandung Regency for the 2025–2029 period. Unemployment is a crucial issue that reflects economic health and social welfare, making accurate forecasting a vital instrument for regional development planning. Utilizing annual time-series data of OUR from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for the period 2007–2024, this research applies the Box-Jenkins methodology through the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The analysis process includes stationarity tests, model identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking. The model selection results, based on the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), indicate that ARIMA(0,1,1) is the most parsimonious model. The resulting projection indicates a very significant downward trend in the OUR, from 6.36% in 2024 to 3.21% in 2029. Although this projection is highly optimistic, the volatility of the historical data and the univariate nature of this model imply that the realization of this trend is highly dependent on economic stability and the effectiveness of sustained policies to address structural employment issues.

Keywords: Forecasting, Unemployment, ARIMA, Bandung Regency

The Moderating Effect of Firm Size on The Influence of Ownership Structure on Earnings Management Practices

2025-10-09T13:46:42+00:00

Earnings management refers to the choice of accounting policies or real actions taken by manager to influence earnings in order to achieve specific reported earnings numbers. This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on earnings management practices and to analyze the role of firm size as a moderating variable. The theory employed in this study is agency theory. The research was conducted on all manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021-2023. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 52 companies that met the criteria, with a total of 156 observations. The data analysis technique used in this study is moderated regression analysis. The results show that institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and public ownership have negative effects on earnings management. Firm size weakens the negative effect of institutional ownership and public ownership on earnings management. However, firm size does not moderate the relationship between foreign ownership and earnings management. The findings of this study highlight the importance of ownership structure as an effective monitoring mechanism especially for larger firms. These results can serve as a consideration for stakeholders in enhancing corporate governance and monitoring effectiveness.

Analysis of Client Importance and Workload in Predicting Fraud Behavior in Local Government

2025-10-10T13:54:24+00:00

This study examines the relationship between client importance and workload in predicting fraudulent behavior by emphasizing the role of client frequency and reputation, work time and volume, productivity level, auditor knowledge, and doubtful attitudes. Located in a local government, the study highlights how these constructs influence fraudulent behavior. Using a questionnaire and analyzed with multiple linear regression, this study shows that client importance and workload can predict fraudulent behavior. Clients who frequently interact and communicate with auditors motivate auditors to be more thorough and meticulous in conducting audits. However, this effect will not occur if auditors have limited working hours with a large volume of work, resulting in decreased audit productivity and potentially leading to accounting irregularities. This finding also provides the view that when auditors are easily convinced and believe what others say, fraud will be easier to commit, so auditors must have a doubtful attitude towards clients.

Credit Risk Management Strategy in Clothing Installment Business to Maintain Social Value and Business Sustainability

2025-10-07T12:32:11+00:00

This study aims to analyze the risk management strategies for non-performing loans (NPLs) in informal clothing instalment businesses in rural areas, focusing on the role of social values and the adaptation of the 5C theory. Using a qualitative embedded case study, research was conducted on a 15-year-old clothing installment enterprise in Padang Langkat Village serving 72 customers from vulnerable households. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, 12 weeks of participant observation, and analysis of instalment records, WhatsApp chats, and collection photos. The results showed ex-ante strategies in the form of customer selection based on social reputation, evaluation of informal payment capacity, and structured manual recording. Ex-post strategies included a familial approach, phased collection, personal visits, and instalment restructuring. Social capital in the form of trust, norms, and social networks played a role in replacing formal collateral and reducing NPLs by up to 6.9%. The conceptual contribution of this research is the social adaptation of the 5C theory, with an emphasis on Character and Conditionfactors, while Collateral is replaced by social security, emphasizing the importance of local cultural context in the sustainability of informal micro-enterprises.

Adapting Traditional Communication Through Banner Design: The Role of Village Government Media in the Digital Disruption Era

2025-10-12T06:42:36+00:00

Werdhi Bhuwana Village, located in Mengwi District, Badung Regency, serves as an example of a rural community in Badung that continues to rely on conventional media such as banners and billboards as visual communication tools to disseminate information to its residents. The use of billboards in strategic locations—such as in front of the village office, at major intersections, and in other public spaces—remains common and serves as a primary medium for conveying information about village programs and governmental achievements. This phenomenon indicates that, despite the rapid development and dominance of digital media, printed visual media such as banners have not been entirely replaced. This situation calls for concrete and measurable solutions from the Werdhi Bhuwana Village Government. By implementing the solutions proposed in this study, it is expected that banners will not only persist but also improve in effectiveness and relevance as modern communication tools amidst the current digital disruption. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, chosen to provide an in-depth and contextual understanding of the existence and effectiveness of banner (billboard) design utilized by the Werdhi Bhuwana Village Government as an information medium for the community.

The Influence of Foreign Exchange Reserves, GDP per Capita, Exchange Rate, Degree of Openness, Budget Deficit, and Current Account Balance on Indonesia’s External Debt during the Period 1990–2023

2025-10-04T03:02:46+00:00

This study aims to examine the influence of Foreign Exchange Reserves, Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Exchange Rate, Degree of Openness, Fiscal Deficit, and Current Account Balance on Indonesia’s External Debt during the period 1990–2023. This study employs a quantitative research approach using time series data. The data analysis technique applied is Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The research results indicate that the exchange rate has a significant positive effect on external debt. This suggests that a weakening rupiah leads to an increase in external debt because the repayment burden is dominated by foreign currency. Conversely, the budget deficit and current account balance have a significant negative effect on external debt. This implies that when a fiscal deficit occurs, external financing is required to cover the deficit, which in turn will increase external debt. Meanwhile, Foreign Exchange Reserves, Gross Domestic Product per Capita, and Degree of Openness are found to have no significant effect on External Debt. This indicates that during this period, the three variables did not have a direct role in determining fluctuations in External Debt. Indonesia’s external debt remains a structural issue influenced by the depreciation of the rupiah, fiscal deficits, and a weak current account balance. Dependence on external financing increases the risk of debt burdens, particularly when the rupiah depreciates. The government needs to strengthen exchange rate stability, enhance domestic revenue, and improve the current account balance through export promotion and import control. Debt management should be productive, transparent, and accountable to ensure sustainable economic development and fiscal stability.

Influencer Marketing and Its Effectiveness in Shaping Consumer Purchase Intentions

2025-10-04T03:03:08+00:00

Influencer marketing has become one of the most powerful strategies in the digital era for shaping consumer purchase intentions. This article review examines studies published between 2020 and 2025 to explore how influencers affect consumer attitudes, brand perceptions, and purchasing decisions. The review identifies three core drivers of effectiveness: the credibility and authenticity of influencers, the depth of consumer engagement on social media platforms, and the mediating role of brand trust, loyalty, and emotional connection. It also highlights the growing importance of value-driven strategies such as ethical and sustainable marketing in strengthening positive purchase intentions. Moreover, the integration of influencer strategies with interactive tools such as live commerce, affiliate marketing, and content variety-seeking behaviors has shown significant potential in enhancing consumer responses. The findings emphasize the need for brands to align influencer selection and campaign design with evolving consumer expectations. The review concludes that influencer marketing is highly effective in shaping purchasing decisions but calls for further longitudinal and cross-cultural research to understand its long-term impacts and sustainability.