International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR)
IJEDR focuses on economics, innovation, and investment fields. Dedicated to enhancing the economic development of a country, region, and the world in general. It aims to publish original articles, whether in the form of theoretical studies, empirical studies, or practical studies. IJEDR invites papers on a wide range of topics, including the following (but not limited to these topics), are Economic growth, Monetary and fiscal policy effect, Innovation practices, Innovation capability, Innovation impact, Financial econometrics, Investment, Banking, International Finance, Stock Exchange, Industrial field, economic management and accounting. From 2024 IJEDR is published SIX times a year (January, March, May, July, September and November). Scopus Citedness (International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR)) Update 21 April 2026 ✅ 155 Citations from various Scopus-indexed publications. ✅ Citations in Q1 Journals (Top-tier publications). ✅ Citations in Q2 Journals (High-quality research outlets). ✅ Citations also appear in Q3, Q4, conference proceedings, and book chapters. Click Here for Details https://suggestor.step.scopus.com/progressTracker/?trackingID=CB744A56CC74BA4C
Yayasan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual
Enhancing Consumer Purchase Decisions: The Role of Servicescape, Content Marketing, and Experiential Marketing in Urban Street Food Businesses
The café business in Medan is rapidly growing, but increasing competition demands greater innovation in attracting consumers. Warkop & Fresh Milk Kakilima has experienced a decline in sales from 2021 to 2025, indicating a decrease in consumer purchase decisions. This is suspected to be influenced by suboptimal servicescape, content marketing, and experiential marketing, as supported by pre-survey results showing consumer dissatisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of these three variables on consumer purchase decisions. The population in this study includes all consumers visiting Warkop & Fresh Milk Kakilima, whose exact number cannot be determined. Considering the uncertainty of the population size and the fluctuation of visiting consumers, the sample size was determined based on Hair’s recommendation. Therefore, the researcher decided to use 170 respondents as the research sample. The sampling technique applied is accidental sampling, which involves selecting respondents who are encountered by chance and are willing to participate. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that partially, servicescape, content marketing, and experiential marketing each have a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions at Warkop & Fresh Milk Kakilima Medan, as indicated by the t-value being greater than the t-table value. In addition, simultaneously, these three variables also have a significant effect on purchase decisions, as evidenced by the F-value being greater than the F-table value.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR)
Government Policy Effects and Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Implications for Nigeria’s Economic Growth
This study examines the effects of government policies on sustainable entrepreneurship and their implications for economic growth in Nigeria. Recognising the strategic importance of sustainability-oriented enterprises in promoting long-term economic resilience, the study assesses how regulatory frameworks, fiscal incentives, institutional quality, and public investment shape entrepreneurial behaviour and business sustainability outcomes. Using annual time-series data from 1986 to 2022 and applying econometric techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis, and diagnostic tests, the research empirically evaluates the relationships among government policy variables, sustainable entrepreneurship indicators, and economic performance, measured by GDP growth. Findings reveal that supportive government policies, particularly tax incentives, regulatory reforms, and public investment in sustainable sectors, significantly enhance sustainable entrepreneurial activities and contribute positively to economic growth. Conversely, excessive regulatory burdens hinder entrepreneurship and slow economic expansion. Descriptive statistics further highlight uneven regional development across renewable energy investment, infrastructure, and human capital, which collectively influence entrepreneurial outcomes. The study underscores the critical role of coherent, well-implemented policies in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship as a pathway for economic diversification, innovation, and long-term growth in Nigeria. It concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen institutional capacity, improve regulatory efficiency, and expand sustainability-focused incentives.
Impact of Experiential Marketing and Consumer Trust on Purchase Decisions: Evidence from a Smartphone Retail Business
The increasing use of mobile phones in Indonesia has intensified competition in the smartphone retail industry and influenced consumer purchasing behavior. Metta Cell Denai Medan, a local smartphone retailer, has experienced a decline in sales in recent years, indicating reduced consumer purchase interest. Preliminary observations suggest that this decline is associated with suboptimal experiential marketing practices and low levels of consumer trust, particularly in terms of service quality, transparency, and transaction convenience. This study aims to examine the influence of experiential marketing and consumer trust on purchase decisions. This research adopts a quantitative approach using survey data collected from 110 consumers, with the sample size determined based on indicator-based estimation techniques. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on purchase decisions. The findings reveal that experiential marketing and consumer trust each have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Furthermore, both variables jointly contribute to shaping consumer purchasing behavior. These results highlight the importance of creating meaningful customer experiences and building trust as strategic priorities for improving purchase decisions in the smartphone retail sector.
Digital Transformation and Customer Growth in Islamic Microfinance
Digital transformation has become a key strategy for Islamic financial institutions to improve service efficiency, expand reach, and facilitate transaction access for customers. BMT UGT Nusantara Umbulsari Branch, as an Islamic microfinance institution, has also begun implementing digital services through the Mobile UGT application. Although the use of digital services has shown an increase year over year, the level of utilization by customers is still not optimal. This situation indicates a gap between the availability of technology and user adoption. This study aims to examine the digital transformation process at BMT UGT Nusantara Umbulsari Branch, to identify the factors supporting the success of digital transformation at BMT UGT Nusantara Umbulsari Branch, and to assess the impact of digital transformation on increasing the number of customers at BMT UGT Nusantara Umbulsari Branch. The research approach employed is a qualitative approach. The research results indicate that the digital transformation process at BMT UGT Nusantara Umbulsari Branch was carried out in stages through digital strategy planning, the development of technological infrastructure and the Mobile UGT application, outreach to customers, as well as the implementation and optimization of digital services. The success of this digital transformation was supported by several key factors, namely management commitment, technological infrastructure readiness, human resource competence, and outreach and education strategies for customers. Furthermore, digital transformation has had a positive impact on customer growth, as evidenced by an increase in the number of customers, expansion of user segments, higher transaction frequency, and increased fund mobilization and service reach of the BMT.
Determinants of Financial Performance of Regional Development Banks in Java Island: Evidence from Panel Data 2020-2024
This study examines the determinants of financial performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA), among six Regional Development Banks (Bank Pembangunan Daerah/BPD) in Java Island, Indonesia, over the period 2020–2024. The sample comprises Bank DKI, Bank BJB, Bank Banten, Bank Jateng, Bank BPD DIY, and Bank Jatim. Using panel data from audited annual reports and analysed using multiple linear regression in SPSS 29, the study investigates the effects of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) on ROA. The study period spans both the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020–2021 and the recovery phase of 2022–2024, providing a comprehensive view of RDBs’ financial dynamics under varying macroeconomic conditions. The findings reveal that NIM has a significant positive effect on ROA, whereas CAR, LDR, and NPL do not have statistically significant individual effects; the full model explains 83.6% of the variance in ROA. These results contribute new empirical insights into the financial behaviour of Indonesian regional development banks during and after an economic crisis, with practical implications for bank management, regional government shareholders, and banking regulators.
The Impact of Social Capital on Household Welfare in Indonesia Using the Propensity Score Matching Method
This study aims to analyze the impact of social capital on household welfare in Indonesia. Social capital is considered an important asset that contributes to improving the economic and social welfare of households, but access to and utilization of social capital is not always evenly distributed among different groups in society. This study uses the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method with the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) approach and stratification techniques to estimate the influence of various social capital indicators on household welfare. The estimation results show that social capital has a positive and significant effect on household welfare, particularly through participation in social gatherings, membership in cooperatives, religious activities, neighbourhood security, social gatherings, women's activities, and childcare. However, some forms of social capital that are communal in nature and related to basic services do not show a significant difference in household welfare. These findings confirm that strengthening social capital plays an important role in improving household welfare in Indonesia
Digital Workplace Adaptation: A Comparative Analysis Of The Effects Of Workload And Innovation On The Performance Of Millennial vs. Non-Millennial Employees
This study investigates the impact of digital workload on employee performance, mediated by employee loyalty and moderated by individual innovation behavior, with a generational perspective distinguishing between millennial and non-millennial employees. Utilizing a quantitative explanatory approach, data were collected via total sampling of 52 BAPPEDA employees and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). Findings reveal that digital workload negatively affects performance, particularly among non-millennials, while employee loyalty and innovation behavior positively influence performance. Digital adaptation acts as a crucial moderator, buffering the adverse effects of digital workload and enhancing the positive impact of innovation. The study underscores the importance of digital literacy, innovation culture, and tailored generational strategies to optimize employee performance in digitizing public institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR)
The Impact of Green Recruitment and Employee Empowerment on Organizational Culture and SDGs Achievement
This study aims to analyze the effect of green recruitment and employee empowerment on the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with organizational culture serving as a mediating variable in companies in Indonesia. This research is grounded in Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) theory and organizational culture theory, which emphasize that green recruitment as an entry point and employee empowerment as a behavioral mechanism can strengthen the internalization of sustainability values within organizations. Organizational culture is viewed as a crucial bridge linking green HR policies to employees’ pro-environmental behavior and the company’s SDG achievements. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) based on responses from 100 participants representing various company sectors in Indonesia that published Sustainability Reports for the 2023–2024 period. The research instrument was developed by adapting indicators from the GHRM, empowerment, organizational culture, and SDG literature. Validity, reliability, and goodness-of-fit tests were conducted to ensure the quality of the model. The findings reveal that green recruitment and employee empowerment significantly influence green organizational culture, while employee empowerment has the strongest direct effect on SDG achievement. Organizational culture is proven to mediate the relationship between green recruitment and employee empowerment and the achievement of SDGs. Practically, these findings highlight that corporate success in supporting the SDGs depends not only on administrative compliance, such as sustainability reporting, but also on transforming norms, values, and daily decision-making at the employee level. This study contributes practical insights for developing HR metrics directly linked to SDG indicators and supports policy transformation toward a green economy in Indonesia.
Analysis of the Effect of Company Size, Liquidity, and Capital Structure on Company Value with Profitability as a Mediating Variable in Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023
Company value in the banking context plays a crucial role because it reflects the success and financial health of the company. This indicates the level of trust of shareholders, clients, and financial services authorities in the bank's performance and integrity. With high corporate value, banks can attract investors, maintain liquidity, and better face market challenges. This study aims to analyze the description of company size, liquidity, capital structure, profitability, and corporate value in banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In addition, this study examines the effect of company size, liquidity, and capital structure on corporate value and profitability. This study also analyzes the effect of profitability as a mediating variable in the relationship between company size, liquidity, and capital structure on company value in banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study is an explanatory quantitative study. The results show that, descriptively, banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange generally have large company size, relatively safe liquidity levels, varied capital structures, fairly good profitability, and varying company values according to investor perceptions. Empirically, firm size and liquidity have a positive and significant effect on firm value, while capital structure has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Profitability has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Furthermore, firm size has a positive and significant effect on profitability, while liquidity has a negative and significant effect on profitability, and capital structure has a negative and significant effect on profitability. The mediation test results show that profitability partially mediates the relationship between company size and company value, but does not mediate the relationship between liquidity and capital structure on company value. The R-square value shows that the independent variables are able to explain 22.8% of profitability and 16.9% of company value, indicating that the explanatory power of the model is in the moderate category.
Marketing Strategy and Its Economic Implications on Consumer Loyalty: The Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction
This study investigates the effect of marketing factors on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable among customers of Andita Medika Pharmacy in Sukabumi, Indonesia. The marketing factors examined include price perception, brand image, brand trust, and electronic service quality. A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling, involving 120 respondents. Data were collected through a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS version 26. The results reveal that price perception, brand image, brand trust, and electronic service quality have positive and significant effects on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, brand image, brand trust, electronic service quality, and customer satisfaction significantly influence customer loyalty. In contrast, price perception does not have a direct effect on customer loyalty, indicating that its impact is mediated by customer satisfaction. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening brand-related factors and digital service quality to enhance customer satisfaction and foster long-term customer loyalty in the pharmaceutical retail industry.
The Impact of Settlement Growth on Food Security Vulnerability: The Mediating Role of Rice Field Conversion and the Moderating Role of Agricultural Human Resource Capacity in Central Java
Settlement growth in Central Java Province continues to increase and intensify competition for land use with agricultural land, particularly rice fields. Uncontrolled rice field conversion has the potential to weaken the food production base and increase regional food security vulnerability. This study analyses the effect of residential growth on food security vulnerability with rice field conversion as a mediating variable and agricultural human resource capacity as a moderating variable in 35 districts/cities in Central Java. The study uses an explanatory quantitative approach based on secondary panel data for the period 2010–2021 (420 observations) with saturated sampling technique. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the measurement model, test structural relationships, estimate indirect effects, and assess moderation effects through interaction constructs. The results show that settlement growth has a positive and significant effect on rice field conversion. Rice field conversion has a positive and significant effect on food security vulnerability and significantly mediates the effect of settlement growth on food security vulnerability. In addition, agricultural human resource capacity moderates the relationship between rice field conversion and food security vulnerability with a negative moderation direction (dampening effect), so that in areas with higher human resource capacity, the impact of rice field conversion in increasing food vulnerability tends to be weaker. These findings confirm that the impact of settlement growth on food vulnerability mainly occurs through land use change and can be mitigated by strengthening agricultural human resource capacity. The policy implications emphasise the need to integrate settlement growth control, protection of productive rice fields, and strengthening of agricultural human resource capacity through improving the quality of extension services and accelerating technology adoption to maintain the resilience of the food system in Central Java.
From Structural to Functional Positions: An Analysis of Human Resource Reform at Indonesia’s Public Broadcasting Institution
This study examines the transition from structural to functional positions at Indonesia’s Public Broadcasting Institution, Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI), through the lens of Weberian bureaucracy. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that the transition represents a strategic organizational reform aimed at enhancing professionalism, efficiency, and adaptability in public broadcasting. The implementation reflects key Weberian principles, including division of labor, hierarchical authority, formal rules, impersonality, and career systems, which support competency-based career development and performance accountability. However, several challenges persist, such as task mismatches, incomplete internal regulations, employee resistance, and limited career pathways. Notably, while the division of labor and hierarchical authority function both as enabling and constraining factors, formal rules, impersonality, and career systems predominantly support the reform process. The study concludes that the success of this transition depends on strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing human resource capacity, establishing clear competency standards, and ensuring continuous leadership communication and organizational socialization.
The Competency Development of Fishery Product Market Analyst at the Directorate General of Product Competitiveness, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia
This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the competency development of Fishery Product Market Analysts (APHP) and formulate a competency development model appropriate for the competency development of APHP at the Directorate General of Product Competitiveness, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and case study method. The data collection techniques used were interviews and document reviews. The study’s results indicate that several factors influence the suboptimal competency development of APHP. First, the Human Capital Development Plan (HCDP) for employees within the Directorate General of Product Competitiveness, including the APHP, has not been completed. Second, the commitment of the APHP team to prepare APHP training learning tools is not yet strong, mainly due to their busy schedules. Third, the coordination function is not yet strong, assuming that implementing competency development is only the responsibility of the Civil Service Training Center (Balai Diklat Aparatur). Based on the study’s results, the author formulated and recommended an APHP competency development model at the Directorate General of Product Competitiveness.
The Implementation of Competency Development of Health Administrator Through Training at The Directorate General of Health Workforce, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of competency development of Health Administrator and to recommends a model for implementing of competency development of Health Administrator through training at The Directorate General Of Health Workforce, Ministry of Health. Methods used is a Case Study with Qualitative Approach. Data collection is carried out through interview and document review. Research results show there are factors affecting the implementation of competency development of Health Administrator through training at the Directorate General Health Workforce has not been running optimally. First, the technical competency standards for functional health positions that will be used as a reference for competency development have not been completed, Second, there is no technical training that meets the needs of the technical competency gap in health administrators. Third, health administrators who take online training find it difficult to concentrate because they are still busy doing office work. Based on the results of study, the author formulates and recommends a model for implementing of competency development of Health Administrator through training.
Service Quality, Sharia Compliance, and Patient Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Patient Satisfaction in Islamic Hospitals
This study aims to determine Patient Satisfaction Mediating the Effect of Service Quality and Hospital Sharia Compliance on Patient Loyalty atSharia Hospitals in Riau Province in an Islamic Perspective. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The sample useduses random sampling techniques where sample withdrawal occurs randomly, namely making samples when meeting with anyone whenconducting research with a sample size of 400 respondents. The data analysis technique used in this study is to use the Partial Least Square(PLS) approach with SmartPLS 4 software tools to test the relationship between variables. The results obtained in this study show that servicequality has a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction at Islamic hospitals in Pekanbaru city, hospital Sharia compliance has apositive and significant effect on loyalty at Islamic hospitals in Pekanbaru City, Service Quality has no significant effect on Sharia HospitalPatient Loyalty in Pekanbaru city, Sharia Compliance has a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction at Islamic hospitals in Pekanbaru city, Significant Effect Satisfaction can mediate service quality on patient loyalty at Islamic hospitals in Pekanbaru city, significanteffect Satisfaction can mediate sharia compliance on patient loyalty at Islamic hospitals, Satisfaction has a positive and significant effecton loyalty at Islamic hospitals in pekanbaru city.
Political Connections, Capital Intensity, The Existence of A Risk Management Committee, and Real Earnings Management on Tax Aggressiveness
This study examines the determinants of tax aggressiveness in Indonesian consumer non-cyclical manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2021 and 2024, focusing on Political Connections, Capital Intensity, Risk Management Committee, and Real Earnings Management. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 175 purposively selected firms with complete financial reports, consistent profitability, and statements in Indonesian Rupiah. Tax aggressiveness was measured by Effective Tax Rate, while other variables were operationalized using appropriate quantitative proxies. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that only Capital Intensity significantly influences tax aggressiveness, whereas Political Connections, Risk Management Committee, and Real Earnings Management show no significant effect. The adjusted R² of 0.042 indicates that most variation in tax aggressiveness is explained by factors outside the scope of this study. Future research should consider larger samples, longer periods, and additional governance and earnings management variables to gain a more comprehensive understanding.
How Work Stress and Employee Well-Being Shape Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Mediating Role of Employee Engagement
This investigation interrogates the ramifications of occupational strain and employee flourishing on the proclivity toward workforce attrition, concurrently examining the intercessory function of workforce engagement. Employing a sample of 103 participants, data were interrogated via SmartPLS analytics. Empirical evidence evinces that both occupational strain and employee flourishing exert substantive impacts on workforce engagement. Notably, employee flourishing demonstrably attenuates attrition proclivity, whereas occupational strain exacerbates it. Contrarily, workforce engagement does not manifest a statistically meaningful influence on attrition tendencies. Mediation analyses further corroborate that engagement fails to function as a conduit between either occupational strain or employee flourishing and attrition inclination. These insights insinuate that engagement alone is not a determinative mechanism in mitigating attrition, whereas employee flourishing constitutes a more potent determinant of employees’ intent to remain embedded within organizational structures.
Lifestyle and Social Media Marketing as Drivers of Electronic Word of Mouth and Their Impact on Generation Z’s Online Batik Purchase Decisions
Changes in the digital lifestyle of younger generations and the growing intensity of social media use have significantly transformed consumption patterns, including the online purchase of cultural products such as batik. Although batik has gained increasing visibility in digital spaces, the level of participation of Generation Z in online batik purchasing remains relatively limited. This study aims to examine the influence of lifestyle and social media marketing on positive electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) and their impact on online batik purchase decisions among Generation Z. The study employed a quantitative research approach, with batik consumers in Indonesia as the population. Samples were selected using purposive sampling criteria, including individuals aged 17–25 years who had previously purchased batik online and were familiar with the Berkain Bersama Movement. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using the SEM–SmartPLS approach. The findings indicate that lifestyle and social media marketing positively influence positive e-WOM as well as online batik purchase decisions. Furthermore, positive e-WOM emerges as the most influential factor in shaping purchase decisions and plays a mediating role in the relationship between lifestyle, social media marketing, and purchasing decisions. These results highlight the strategic importance of integrating digital lifestyle alignment, effective social media marketing, and positive e-WOM to enhance Generation Z’s engagement and purchasing interest in cultural products within the digital marketplace.
The Effect of Service Quality and Product Excellence on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty
The increasingly intense competition in the banking industry and shifts in customer behavior driven by rapid digitalization have made service quality and product excellence critical factors in maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty. Bank Mandiri Semarang Pemuda Area, as a service unit with high transaction volumes and diverse customer characteristics, must ensure that its services and products consistently meet customer needs and expectations. This study aims to examine the influence of service quality and product excellence on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed, involving active customers selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. The findings indicate that service quality and product excellence positively influence customer satisfaction. While service quality does not directly affect customer loyalty, product excellence shows a direct positive relationship with loyalty. Customer satisfaction plays a key mediating role and emerges as the most important factor in strengthening customer loyalty. These results highlight the strategic importance of improving both service delivery and product attributes to enhance customer satisfaction, which in turn fosters long-term loyalty in the banking sector.
Optimizing Local Economic Potential to Increase Regional Food Security through Village-Owned Enterprises Empowerment (Mixed Method: Explanatory Sequential Design)
This study aims to identify and optimize local economic potential to strengthen regional food security through the empowerment of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Cilacap Regency. Using a mixed-method explanatory sequential design, quantitative analysis was conducted through Klassen Typology, Static and Dynamic Location Quotient (LQ–DLQ) to identify base and prospective agricultural commodities across sub-districts. The results were further elaborated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) involving key stakeholders. The findings indicate that rice remains a permanent base commodity, while cassava, soybeans, and sweet potatoes show strong potential for future development. Strategic priorities emphasize food diversification, institutional strengthening of BUMDes, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to support regional food security and the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) program
The Role of Transformational Leadership in Improving Employee Performance Through A High-Performance Work System As A Mediation
Optimal employee performance is a crucial aspect in the banking industry, which is characterized by high pressure, demanding targets, and complex service processes. Bank Mandiri, as one of the largest banks in Indonesia, faces ongoing challenges in maintaining superior human resource performance within an increasingly dynamic and competitive environment. In this context, leadership and work systems play a vital role in supporting both individual and organizational performance. This study aims to examine the role of transformational leadership in enhancing employee performance through the implementation of a high-performance work system (HPWS) and the facilitation of knowledge sharing as mediating variables. The study adopts a quantitative explanatory approach, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to employees of Bank Mandiri in Semarang City. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the support of AMOS software. The findings indicate that transformational leadership positively influences employee performance and the implementation of HPWS. HPWS is also found to have a positive effect on employee performance and knowledge sharing, while knowledge sharing contributes positively to employee performance. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that HPWS plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. The combined mediation of HPWS and knowledge sharing further strengthens this relationship. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of effective leadership, well-designed work systems, and a strong knowledge-sharing culture in optimizing employee performance within the banking sector.
Green Economy Transition Strategy in Regional Development, A Study of Energy Efficiency and Social Inclusion in Makassar
The transition toward a green economy in urban areas requires the integration of energy efficiency and social inclusion as two fundamental pillars of sustainable development. Makassar City, as the economic center of Eastern Indonesia, is experiencing increasing energy consumption, environmental pressures, and widening social disparities, necessitating a well-directed transition strategy supported by empirical evidence. This study aims to analyze the conditions and challenges of energy efficiency, identify the level of social inclusion within green development programs, and formulate an integrative strategy that can be implemented by local governments. A qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving various stakeholders, including government institutions, environmental NGOs, academics, and vulnerable community groups. The findings indicate that energy efficiency programs in Makassar remain in the early stages of implementation and are dominated by top-down approaches, thereby failing to generate substantial changes within household and MSME sectors. Social inclusion is also found to be limited, as evidenced by the lack of participation from vulnerable groups in the planning and evaluation processes of green development initiatives. Moreover, weak cross-sectoral coordination has resulted in energy policies and social policies operating independently, hindering the effectiveness of a comprehensive green economy transition. The study formulates an integrative strategy combining institutional strengthening, expanded access to energy-efficient technologies, enhanced community energy literacy, and reinforced participatory mechanisms as pathways toward a low-emission and socially equitable regional development framework. These findings are expected to provide substantive contributions to local energy policy formulation and enrich the scientific literature on urban green economy transitions in Indonesia.
Price Discounts, Sales Promotions, and In-Store Displays as Drivers of Consumer Purchase Intention: Consumer Trust as a Mediator
This study investigates how price discounts, sales promotions, and in-store display strategies influence consumer purchase intention, with consumer trust examined as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach is applied using a structured questionnaire distributed to 135 customers of Toserba Luwes Wonogiri selected through purposive sampling. Five variables price discount, sales promotion, in-store display, consumer trust, and purchase intention are measured using operational indicators and assessed on a five-point Likert scale. Data are analyzed using SmartPLS after validity, reliability, and classical assumption testing to ensure model suitability. The results demonstrate that price discounts, sales promotions, and in-store displays significantly and positively influence purchase intention. Consumer trust also shows a significant direct effect while acting as a mediator that strengthens the influence of marketing strategies on purchasing interest. Although the research provides meaningful academic and managerial implications, it is limited by the scope of variables and reliance on self-reported online responses. Future studies are recommended to integrate additional behavioral factors and apply broader methodological approaches.
How Trade War Shocks Shape Reserve Accumulation? Evidence from MENA Countries
The study examines the effects of trade war tensions, exchange rate volatility, and financial depth on foreign exchange reserves in 14 MENA countries from 2000 to 2024. Using the Panel Vector Error Correction Model (PVECM), the analysis captures both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships. Stationarity and cointegration tests confirm that all variables are integrated at the I(1) level and exhibit a stable long-term relationship. The PVECM results show that none of the key variables significantly affect FER in the short term. In the long term, however, TWI demonstrates a positive and significant impact, indicating that prolonged global trade tensions encourage MENA countries to increase reserve accumulation as a precautionary response to external uncertainty. Conversely, FD exerts a negative and significant long-term effect, suggesting that deeper financial markets may reduce reserve holdings through greater foreign currency demand and increased financial openness. Meanwhile, ERV shows a negative long-term relationship with FER but lacks statistical significance in either the long or short term, indicating that exchange rate fluctuations do not directly drive reserve adjustment behavior in MENA economies. These findings highlight the importance for policymakers to strengthen external resilience and manage financial sector development carefully to ensure foreign exchange reserve stability amid intensifying global geopolitical tensions. Keywords: Foreign Exchange Rate, Trade War, Exchange Rate Volatility, Financial Depth
The Influence Of ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) and Company Size On Financial Performance
This study employed a quantitative method with a causal associative approach. The sample was determined through purposive sampling and selected 37 energy sector companies that met the criteria, resulting in 185 observations over the five years of the study. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression, preceded by classical assumption tests, including tests for normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. Based on the analysis, the Environmental variable significantly impacted the financial performance (ROA) of energy sector companies, with a positive regression coefficient of 0.263 and a significance value of 0.037. The Social variable significantly impacted financial performance (ROA), with a regression coefficient of 0.308 and a significance value of 0.032. The governance variable significantly influences financial performance (ROA), with a regression coefficient of 0.0276 and a significance value of 0.028. Firm size has the strongest and most significant influence on financial performance (ROA), with the largest regression coefficient of 0.715 and a significance value of 0.000.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Company Value with Dividend Policy as an Intervening Variable in Companies Listed on IDX80 Indonesia Stock Exchange
This study aims to analyze the influence of intellectual capital, good corporate governance , and dividend policy on profitability and firm value, and to examine the role of profitability as a mediating variable in this relationship. The study sample consisted of 42 companies selected using purposive sampling from a total of 80 companies in the population. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS operated by SmartPLS 3.0. The results show that intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on profitability, while good corporate governance and dividend policy have no positive and insignificant effects on profitability. Furthermore, intellectual capital and dividend policy have a positive and significant effect on firm value, while good corporate governance does not have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Profitability is proven to mediate the effect of intellectual capital on firm value, but does not mediate the effect of good corporate governance and dividend policy on firm value
Priority Programs Village Community Empowerment In Achievement Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Regency Bengkalis
Village community empowerment is a strategic priority in reducing poverty in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. Bengkalis Regent Regulation Number 74 of 2021 mandates the strengthening of village institutions—such as BUMDes, LPM, PKK, and Posyandu—as key drivers for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Community and Village Empowerment Office implements various training and capacity-building programs to enhance community independence through improved knowledge, skills, behavior, and the effective use of local resources. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to explore government officials’ and community members’ perceptions and experiences in implementing sustainable development through priority empowerment programs. The findings show that SDGs achievement in 2022 reached an average of 90% across assessed indicators, supported by active participation of village governments and communities, an increasing number of independent villages, and the growth of Village-Owned Enterprises. PKK and Posyandu activities also show significant improvement. Despite these achievements, challenges persist, including limited human resource capacity in managing local institutions, low productivity of BUMDes, and weak organizational capacity within village governance structures, particularly LPM.
The Effect of Cash Assistance Programs on Children's Involvement in Domestic and Economic Activities in Indonesia
This study examines the impact of conditional (PKH) and unconditional (UCT/BLT and BLSM) cash assistance programs on children’s participation in work and their working hours in Indonesia using IFLS Wave 5 data, focusing on 2,530 working children aged 5–14 years. Since beneficiary and non-beneficiary households differ in observable characteristics, the analysis addresses potential selection bias and endogeneity through a bivariate probit model that jointly estimates child labor participation and program receipt. The findings indicate that PKH reduces children’s involvement in household chores; however, both PKH and UCT increase the likelihood of children engaging in economic activities, suggesting a shift rather than a reduction in child labor. Cash assistance is also positively associated with longer working hours, particularly among UCT recipients in economic and combined work sectors and PKH recipients in domestic and combined sectors. These effects are more pronounced among girls, older children, and those living in rural or non-Java regions. Overall, the results show that current cash transfer schemes have not fully alleviated household dependence on child labor. Enhancing program effectiveness requires adjustments to benefit adequacy, integration with family economic empowerment initiatives, and regionally responsive policy designs.
Strategy of Population Data Transfer Services through the Online Population Service System (SILOKA)
This research is motivated by the problem of the suboptimal implementation of population data transfer services through SILOKA in Bogor Regency. The problem formulation in this study is why the population data transfer service through SILOKA has not been optimal, and how the strategy to optimize it. This research is based on the E-Government theory by Heeks and Bailur which includes the dimensions of service process speed, accessibility, procedural transparency, and service attitude. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that the implementation of population data transfer services through SILOKA in Bogor Regency still experiences three obstacles: First, there are SILOKA websites that are no longer functioning. Second, there is no specific website that is fast and of good quality for SILOKA services. Third, there is no SILOKA application available on the Playstore and App Store. The strategies to improve the quality of population data transfer services through SILOKA include: First, deleting failed websites that are no longer functioning. Second, creating a specific, fast, and high-quality website for SILOKA. Third, developing a SILOKA application that can be downloaded through the Playstore and App Store with user-friendly features, so that it can be easily accessed by Android and iOS users.
Systematic Literature Review on the Influence of Religiosity on Investment Decisions and the Mediating Roles of Norms-Moral, and Prudence Risk
This study explores the impact of religiosity on investment preferences, focusing on direct effects and mediation through moral norms and precautionary risk. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA protocol, analyzing studies published between 2009 and 2025. The review demonstrates that religiosity significantly influences investment decisions through these two mechanisms. Moral norms play a crucial role in shaping investment choices, particularly for religiously driven investors, while precautionary risk leads more religious individuals to prefer safer investment options. Additionally, the study identifies key theories commonly employed in the literature, such as Social Identity Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), while also highlighting underexplored theories that could further enhance understanding of how religiosity impacts investment behavior. These gaps suggest opportunities for future research to apply these theories, especially in contexts like Islamic finance or emerging markets, to deepen the understanding of the relationship between religiosity and investment preferences.