Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
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description: Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ) is published by Yayasan Pendidikan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual (YRPI), Pekanbaru, Indonesia. First publish in 2020. As an information and communication media for practitioners, researchers and academics who are interested in the field of Accounting (Finance, Bussiness, Auditing and Tax) . This journal is published annually 2 times every April and October. The Editorial Team invites scientists, scholars, professionals, and researchers to publish the results of their research after the selection of manuscripts, with the peer review and the editing process. The RAJ Journal is intended to be the journal for publishing articles reporting the results of research in the areas Financial Accounting, Cost Accounting, Auditing, Tax, Accounting System Information, Islamic Principal Accounting, Public Sector Accounting. Online ISSN : 2715-7873. Print ISSN : 2715-7881
publisher: Yayasan Pendidikan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual (YRPI)
language: en
publication name: Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
issn: 2715-7881
items: Financial Technology and SME Resilience in the Digital Economy: A Comprehensive Literature Review
items: Determinants of Farmers’ Income in Rural Agricultural Communities
items: Capital Structure, Investment Opportunity Set, and Corporate Social Responsibility as Determinants of Firm Value in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises
items: Analysis of Capital Structure, Liquidity and Firm Size on Financial Performance and Firm Value in Technological Sector
items: Carbon Accounting and Climate Risk Reporting: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review
items: Determinants of Cash Holding in The Jakarta Islamic Index: The Role of Net Working Capital, Cash Flow, and Capital Expenditure
items: Green Banking and Firm Value: Examining the Effects of Firm Age, Firm Size, and Return on Assets in Indonesian Publicly Listed Banks
items: The Mediating Role of Good Corporate Governance in the Relationship Between Capital Structure, Investment Opportunity Set, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Firm Value
items: Blockchain in Accounting and Auditing: A Systematic Literature Review
items: Determinants of Stock Returns: The Role of Profitability, Valuation Ratios, and Firm Size in the Jakarta Islamic Index (2016–2020)
items: Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Firm Size in Manufacturing Firms Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
items: The Impact of Accounting Information Systems, Internal Audit, and Human Resource Quality on Employee Performance at PT. Bumi Berdikari Sentosa
items: Earnings Quality in Motion: Analyzing the Role of Profitability, Firm Characteristics, and Audit Practices (2019–2023)
items: The Influence of Tax, Institutional Ownership, and Profitability on Dividend Policy
items: Integrated Reporting: “The Road Traveled So Far, Where It Stands, and Where It is Heading"
items: The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Investment Opportunity Set on Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Good Corporate Governance
items: The Impact of Blockchain Technology Implementation on Financial Reporting Transparency and Efficiency
items: Analysis of Fixed Asset Treatment at PT Hexindo Adiperkasa Tbk, Pekanbaru Branch
items: The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Stock Performance in the International Capital Market
items: Public Accountants’ Ethical Perceptions in Dealing with Client Pressure: A Qualitative Study of Accounting Firms
items: Transparency and Accuracy: How Forensic Audits and Whistleblowers Create a Fraud-Free Business Environment
items: Corporate Governance Practices in Transportation and Logistics Companies during the COVID-19 Pandemic
items: Legal Protection in Short Selling Transactions in The Capital Market
items: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Movement of the Bisnis-27 Stock Index from January to December 2021
items: Fundamental Analysis of Stocks Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (An Empirical Study of the IDX30 Index)
items: Behavioral Accounting Aspects in Profit Planning and Budgeting
items: Implementation of Risk Management as an Anti-Fraud Strategy at PT BRI Sudirman Branch, Pekanbaru
items: An Empirical Test of Weak-Form Market Efficiency in Bullish and Bearish Phases: Evidence from the LQ45 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
items: Formation of Optimal Portfolio Using A Single Index in Pharmaceutical Companies
items: The Influence of Deferred Tax Burden, Tax Planning, and Deferred Tax Assets on Earnings Management Strategy

Financial Technology and SME Resilience in the Digital Economy: A Comprehensive Literature Review
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description: The rapid development of digital technologies has transformed the financial landscape and created new opportunities for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to improve their access to financial services and enhance business performance. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on digital financial inclusion, FinTech adoption, and SME performance to identify major research trends, synthesize empirical findings, and propose future research directions. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Relevant articles published between 2015 and 2025 were collected from reputable academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, and MDPI. A total of 20 selected studies were analyzed using thematic synthesis techniques. The findings reveal that digital financial inclusion and FinTech adoption significantly contribute to SME growth, operational efficiency, financial accessibility, innovation capability, and business sustainability. Digital financial inclusion enables SMEs to overcome traditional financing barriers by facilitating access to digital financial services, while FinTech adoption improves financial management, transaction efficiency, and alternative financing opportunities. Furthermore, the review highlights the important roles of financial literacy, technological readiness, organizational capability, and government support in promoting successful digital finance adoption. Despite these benefits, challenges such as digital literacy limitations, cybersecurity risks, technological infrastructure constraints, and regulatory uncertainties continue to impede broader implementation. The study also identifies several research gaps, particularly regarding the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytic…
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creator: Astri Ayu Purwati
creator: Zulfadli Hamzah
creator: Mazzlida Mat Deli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Astri Ayu Purwati, Zulfadli Hamzah, Mazzlida Mat Deli
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 108
ending page: 119
doi: 10.37385/zm032z26

Determinants of Farmers’ Income in Rural Agricultural Communities
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description: This study aims to analyze the effect of access to capital, technology utilization, village institutions, and infrastructure availability on farmers’ income in Nitneo Village. This research employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis supported by partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing as well as the coefficient of determination. The findings indicate that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant influence on farmers’ income. Partially, technology utilization, village institutions, and infrastructure show a significant effect, while access to capital does not have a significant impact. Furthermore, the model demonstrates a relatively strong ability to explain variations in farmers’ income. Improvements that need to be undertaken include enhancing technology utilization, strengthening village institutions, and improving agricultural infrastructure to sustainably increase farmers’ income.
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creator: Luis Enrique Apaut
creator: I Komang Arthana
creator: Maria Indriyani Hewe Tiwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Enrique Apaut, I Komang Arthana, Maria Indriyani Hewe Tiwu
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.37385/aa0j2r96

Capital Structure, Investment Opportunity Set, and Corporate Social Responsibility as Determinants of Firm Value in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises
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description: This study examines the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Investment Opportunity Set (IOS), and Capital Structure on the firm value of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2022 period. Firm value represents investors’ assessment of a company’s future prospects and sustainability, particularly for SOEs that carry both economic and social responsibilities. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a causal research design, utilizing secondary data derived from published financial and annual reports. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate both the measurement and structural models. The findings reveal that the Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) has a positive and significant effect on firm value, indicating that growth opportunities and future investment prospects are strongly considered by investors in valuing SOEs. In contrast, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Capital Structure do not show a significant direct effect on firm value. These results suggest that market participants place greater emphasis on growth potential rather than on leverage decisions or CSR disclosures in assessing SOE performance. The model explains a substantial proportion of the variance in firm value, indicating that IOS, CSR, and Capital Structure jointly contribute to explaining firm valuation, although other factors beyond the model also play a role. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the determinants of firm value in Indonesian SOEs, highlighting the dominant role of growth opportunities in shaping market perception. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers and SOE management in formulating strategic financial and investment policies to enhance firm value.
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creator: Yayu Kusdiana
creator: Arie Yusnelly
creator: Muhammad Firmansyah
creator: Tran Thai Ha Nguyen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 99
ending page: 107
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i2.10530

Analysis of Capital Structure, Liquidity and Firm Size on Financial Performance and Firm Value in Technological Sector
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description: Indonesia’s technology industry is experiencing strong growth prospects, supported by solid fundamentals and the rapid expansion of fintech infrastructure. The digital economy’s Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14% during 2024–2030, driven by continuous innovation in e-commerce, increasing digital adoption through QRIS, and the strengthening of technology-based financial ecosystems. This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure, liquidity, and firm size on financial performance and firm value in the technology sector. The research employs secondary data collected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in a sample of 15 companies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. The results indicate that (1) capital structure, liquidity, and firm size have a negative and insignificant effect on financial performance, and (2) capital structure, liquidity, firm size, and financial performance have a positive but insignificant effect on firm value. These findings suggest that internal financial characteristics have not yet demonstrated a statistically significant role in determining financial performance and firm value within Indonesia’s technology sector.
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creator: Evelyn Wijaya
creator: Fuma Wijaya
creator: Stefani Chandra
creator: Sulaiman Musa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 79
ending page: 88
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i2.10526

Carbon Accounting and Climate Risk Reporting: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review
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description: The increasing urgency of climate change mitigation has significantly elevated the importance of carbon accounting and climate risk reporting in both academic research and corporate practice. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric review of scholarly publications on carbon accounting and climate risk reporting to map the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and emerging research trends in the field. Using data extracted from the Scopus database, this review analyzes publications over the period 2000–2024. Bibliometric techniques, including performance analysis and science mapping (co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence analysis), are employed to identify influential authors, journals, institutions, and countries, as well as dominant and emerging research themes. The findings reveal a substantial growth in publications after the Paris Agreement (2015), reflecting increased global attention to climate-related financial disclosure, carbon assurance, ESG reporting, and sustainability governance. The intellectual structure of the field is primarily clustered around four major themes: (1) carbon disclosure and reporting quality, (2) assurance and verification mechanisms, (3) carbon management and performance measurement, and (4) climate risk, financial stability, and regulatory frameworks. Recent studies increasingly integrate climate risk reporting with financial performance, investor perception, and sustainable finance. This review contributes by providing a structured synthesis of the literature, highlighting research gaps, and proposing a future research agenda, particularly in relation to mandatory disclosure regimes, digitalization in carbon accounting, and the harmonization of global reporting standards. The results offer valuable insights for academics, policymakers, regulators, and practitioners seeking to enhance transparency, accountability, and decision-usefulness in climate-related financial reporting.
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creator: Arridho Abduh
creator: Muhammad Luthfi Hamzah
creator: Ermina Rusilawati
creator: Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 70
ending page: 78
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i2.10494

Determinants of Cash Holding in The Jakarta Islamic Index: The Role of Net Working Capital, Cash Flow, and Capital Expenditure
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description: This study aims to determine the influence of Net Working Capital, Cash Flow and Capital Expenditure on Cash Holding. The object of this research is the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) company listed on the IDX for the period of 2016 to 2020. The population in this study is 30 companies. The sampling technique in this study used the purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 29 companies that were used as research samples. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis using the Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) application. The results of this study show that the variables of Net Working Capital, Cash Flow and Capital Expenditure do not have a significant effect on Cash Holding of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) companies listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2020.
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creator: Handreyan Handreyan
creator: Yusnita Octafilia
creator: Willy Andresen
creator: Dhoni Rizky Widya Mahardika
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 58
ending page: 69
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i2.10490

Green Banking and Firm Value: Examining the Effects of Firm Age, Firm Size, and Return on Assets in Indonesian Publicly Listed Banks
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description: This study aims to analyze the effect of green banking, firm age, firm size, and return on assets (ROA) on firm value in the banking sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2023 period. This research employs a quantitative method and utilizes secondary data obtained from financial statements accessed through idx.com and the official websites of the respective banks. The population of this study consists of 46 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used is a census (saturated sampling), in which all members of the population are included as the sample. The data analysis method applied in this study is path analysis using SPSS software. The analysis includes descriptive statistics, normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple regression analysis, F-test, coefficient of determination (R²) test, and hypothesis testing (t-test). The results indicate that green banking has a significant negative effect on firm value, while firm age, firm size, and ROA have positive but insignificant effects on firm value in the banking sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2023 period.
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creator: Pinker Defano
creator: Yusnita Octafilia
creator: Suharti Suharti
creator: Dhoni Rizky Widya Mahardika
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 46
ending page: 57
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i1.10473

The Mediating Role of Good Corporate Governance in the Relationship Between Capital Structure, Investment Opportunity Set, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Firm Value
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description: This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the mediating role of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the relationship between capital structure, investment opportunity set (IOS), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and firm value in state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2024 period. The population comprised all 24 listed state-owned enterprises, from which 14 firms were selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0, applying both outer and inner model evaluations. The findings indicate that CSR and capital structure do not have a direct significant effect on firm value, whereas the investment opportunity set positively influences firm value. Furthermore, Good Corporate Governance strengthens the relationship between CSR and firm value as well as between capital structure and firm value. However, GCG does not moderate the relationship between the investment opportunity set and firm value. These findings highlight the strategic importance of governance mechanisms in enhancing the value relevance of corporate financial and social policies within state-owned enterprises.
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creator: Nanda Suryadi
creator: Arie Yusnelly
creator: Tiara Aulia Zahra
creator: Muhammad Firmansyah
creator: Jose Antonio Lopez Castro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 45
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i1.10464

Blockchain in Accounting and Auditing: A Systematic Literature Review
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description: The rapid development of blockchain technology has generated significant discussion regarding its transformative potential in accounting and auditing. While blockchain offers features such as immutability, decentralization, and real-time verification, its actual impact on financial reporting quality and audit practices remains fragmented across the literature. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize scholarly research on blockchain applications in accounting and auditing over the period 2016–2026. Using a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review approach, peer-reviewed journal articles were identified, screened, and analyzed through thematic synthesis and qualitative content analysis. The findings reveal five dominant research streams: (1) blockchain and financial reporting quality, (2) audit transformation and risk reconfiguration, (3) governance and regulatory challenges, (4) crypto-asset accounting issues, and (5) technological integration with artificial intelligence and data analytics. The review indicates that blockchain enhances structural transparency and transaction traceability, potentially reducing detection risk in auditing. However, improvements in reporting quality are conditional upon regulatory clarity, governance mechanisms, and institutional readiness. Rather than eliminating audit risk, blockchain redistributes risk toward system integrity, cybersecurity, and smart contract reliability. This study contributes by integrating fragmented findings into a coherent analytical framework, identifying empirical gaps, and proposing a structured future research agenda. The results provide theoretical implications for digital accounting scholarship and practical insights for auditors, regulators, and policymakers navigating blockchain-enabled financial ecosystems.
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creator: Noraini Moktar
creator: Mazzlida Mat Deli
creator: Ainul Huda Jamil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 35
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i1.10462

Determinants of Stock Returns: The Role of Profitability, Valuation Ratios, and Firm Size in the Jakarta Islamic Index (2016–2020)
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description: This study aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets, Net Profit Margin, Price-Earnings Ratio, Earnings Per Share, and Company Size on the Jakarta Islamic Index Stock Return for the period 2016–2020. The object of this research is a company listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index from 2016 to 2020. The population in this study is 30 companies. The sampling technique used was Purposive Sampling, and a sample of 29 companies was obtained. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression, utilising SmartPLS 3.0, because the research data were not normally distributed when analysed in SPSS. The results of this study indicate that the variables of Return on Assets, Net Profit Margin, Price-Earnings Ratio, Earnings Per Share, and Company Size have no significant effect on the stock returns of the Jakarta Islamic Index for the period 2016–2020.
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creator: Yulianto Yulianto
creator: Yusnita Octafilia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 24
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i1.10458

Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Firm Size in Manufacturing Firms Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
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description: This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms, firm size, and financial performance of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Drawing upon agency theory and resource-based perspectives, this research examines how board size, the proportion of independent commissioners, and audit committee size influence financial performance, while also considering firm size as a key organizational characteristic. This study employs a quantitative explanatory design using secondary data obtained from annual reports of manufacturing companies over the 2019–2023 period. Panel data regression analysis is applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicate that corporate governance mechanisms significantly affect financial performance. Specifically, the proportion of independent commissioners and audit committee size show a positive and significant relationship with return on assets (ROA), suggesting that stronger monitoring mechanisms enhance financial outcomes. Firm size also demonstrates a significant positive effect on financial performance, implying that larger firms benefit from economies of scale and better access to resources. These results confirm the governance–performance nexus in an emerging market context. This study contributes to the corporate governance literature by providing recent empirical evidence from Indonesia and highlighting the importance of governance structure and firm characteristics in improving financial performance. The findings offer practical implications for regulators, investors, and corporate managers in strengthening governance practices to achieve sustainable financial performance.
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creator: Septia Aldina Putri
creator: Astri Ayu Purwati
creator: Muhammad Rizki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.37385/raj.v6i1.10455

The Impact of Accounting Information Systems, Internal Audit, and Human Resource Quality on Employee Performance at PT. Bumi Berdikari Sentosa
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description: This study aims to examine the influence of accounting information systems, internal audit, and the quality of human resources on employee performance at PT. Bumi Berdikari Sentosa. The data collection method employed in this research is a questionnaire. The population consists of all 55 employees of PT. Bumi Berdikari Sentosa, with a sample of 45 employees selected through purposive sampling. The data analysis techniques used include descriptive analysis, data quality testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and the coefficient of determination test. The findings reveal that the accounting information system has a significant positive effect on employee performance. In contrast, internal audit does not show a significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, the quality of human resources significantly influences employee performance.
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creator: Cut Wina Raida Anggraini
creator: Dian Puji Puspitasari
creator: Evi Marlina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-10-25
publication date: 2024-10-25
starting page: 84
ending page: 92
doi: 10.37385/raj.v2i2.7667

Earnings Quality in Motion: Analyzing the Role of Profitability, Firm Characteristics, and Audit Practices (2019–2023)
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description: The transportation and logistics sector plays a crucial role in supporting consumption activities across communities and industries, including trade, services, manufacturing, and construction. These sectors are widely recognized as key drivers of national economic growth. This study aims to examine the impact of Profitability, Company Size, Company Age, Audit Quality, and Audit Committee on Earnings Quality within the transportation and logistics sector during the period 2019–2023. The research utilizes secondary data derived from company financial statements, with a purposive sampling method employed to select the sample. A total of 22 companies were included in the study. Quantitative analysis was conducted using SmartPLS. The findings reveal that Company Size has a negative effect on Earnings Quality, while Company Age has a positive effect. Meanwhile, Profitability, Audit Quality, and Audit Committee were found to have no significant effect on Earnings Quality. High-quality earnings reflect a company’s true financial performance and serve as a reliable indicator for predicting future earnings.
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creator: Evelyn Wijaya
creator: Edita Yolanda Malika Simanjuntak
creator: Suhermin Suhermin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-10-23
publication date: 2024-10-23
starting page: 72
ending page: 83
doi: 10.37385/raj.v5i2.7653

The Influence of Tax, Institutional Ownership, and Profitability on Dividend Policy
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description: This study investigates the impact of profitability, institutional ownership, and dividend policy on the firm value of Indonesian companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Using a sample of companies from the manufacturing sector, the research examines how these financial variables influence the market value of firms. The study also explores the moderating role of tax planning and the relationship between dividend policies and firm profitability. The results indicate that profitability and institutional ownership have a significant positive effect on firm value, while dividend policy plays a crucial moderating role in enhancing firm value. Tax planning is also found to have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between profitability and firm value. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a balance between profit distribution and retaining earnings for corporate growth. The study contributes to the broader understanding of corporate finance strategies, especially in emerging markets like Indonesia.
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creator: Akhdan Akhdan
creator: Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong Abdullah
creator: Astri Ayu Purwati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-10-23
publication date: 2024-10-23
starting page: 63
ending page: 71
doi: 10.37385/raj.v5i2.7650

Integrated Reporting: “The Road Traveled So Far, Where It Stands, and Where It is Heading"
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description: This study provides a comprehensive exploration of Integrated Reporting (IR), examining its origins, current adoption trends, and future trajectories as a response to the limitations of traditional financial reporting. By integrating financial and non-financial data, IR aims to offer a holistic view of organizational performance, emphasizing connectivity, materiality, and stakeholder engagement. Despite its theoretical promise, IR faces implementation challenges, including conceptual ambiguity, inconsistent adoption, and the non-binding nature of frameworks like the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). The study employs a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive methodology, analyzing secondary data from peer-reviewed literature, institutional reports, and regulatory documents to map global IR adoption patterns. Findings reveal significant regional disparities, with the Asia Pacific leading in adoption (42.1%), followed by the Middle East & Africa (27.1%) and Europe (25.1%). Recent developments, such as the merger of the IIRC and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) into the Value Reporting Foundation (VRF) and the creation of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), highlight IR’s evolving role in global sustainability reporting. While IR enhances transparency and long-term value creation, its success hinges on addressing stakeholder inclusivity, standardizing materiality assessments, and fostering collaboration among regulators, investors, and corporations. The study concludes that IR represents a progressive shift in corporate reporting but requires clearer guidance and broader institutional support to realize its full potential as a tool for sustainable business practices.
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creator: Syed Asif Mushtaq
creator: Lubna Afzal Kawoosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-10-28
publication date: 2024-10-28
starting page: 54
ending page: 62
doi: 10.37385/raj.v5i2.4833

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Investment Opportunity Set on Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Good Corporate Governance
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description: This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) on Firm Value, with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as a moderating variable in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2022 period. The research population consists of all SOEs listed on the IDX within the specified period. A purposive sampling method was employed, using specific criteria determined by the researcher, resulting in a sample of 14 companies out of a total of 24. The hypotheses in this study were tested using the Outer Model and Inner Model through the SmartPLS v3.0 software. The results of the study conclude that Corporate Social Responsibility has no significant effect on Firm Value, while the Investment Opportunity Set does have a significant impact on Firm Value. Furthermore, Good Corporate Governance strengthens the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Value, but does not moderate the relationship between the Investment Opportunity Set and Firm Value.
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creator: Nanda Suryadi
creator: Arie Yusnelly
creator: Sulaiman Musa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-10-22
publication date: 2024-10-22
starting page: 45
ending page: 53
doi: 10.37385/raj.v5i2.7643

The Impact of Blockchain Technology Implementation on Financial Reporting Transparency and Efficiency
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description: This study examines the impact of blockchain technology on financial reporting, focusing on its effects on transparency, efficiency, and audit quality. The research utilized both qualitative (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (surveys) methods to gather data from professionals in the field of accounting and finance. The qualitative findings suggest that blockchain enhances transparency and efficiency in financial reporting processes, particularly through its immutable ledger and real-time access to transaction data. Additionally, it was found that blockchain improves audit quality by providing auditors with more reliable and verifiable data. However, the study also identified significant barriers to blockchain adoption, including regulatory uncertainty, high implementation costs, and technical integration challenges. The survey results, based on 100 respondents, confirmed these findings, with 85% agreeing that blockchain improves transparency and 78% believing it enhances efficiency. Despite these benefits, 68% of respondents cited regulatory uncertainty as a key barrier to adoption. This study contributes to the literature on blockchain's role in financial reporting and offers insights into the challenges and opportunities for blockchain implementation in the accounting and auditing fields.
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creator: Muhammad Luthfi Hamzah
creator: Zulfadli Hamzah
creator: Najima Najima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-04-22
publication date: 2024-04-22
starting page: 36
ending page: 44
doi: 10.37385/raj.v2i2.7642

Analysis of Fixed Asset Treatment at PT Hexindo Adiperkasa Tbk, Pekanbaru Branch
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description: Fixed assets are one of the essential requirements a company must possess to support its operational activities. The purpose of this study is to examine the accounting treatment of fixed assets applied by PT Hexindo Adiperkasa Tbk, Pekanbaru Branch, in relation to the Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Statement (PSAK) No. 16. This includes the acquisition of fixed assets, depreciation, disposal and retirement, as well as the presentation and disclosure of fixed assets in financial statements. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data collected consists of both primary and secondary data from the company, using interviews and documentation as data collection techniques. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the company’s accounting policies regarding fixed asset treatment are in accordance with PSAK No. 16.
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creator: Nazwira Azani
creator: Marsya Aliya Dini Ruslan
creator: Dinda Amanah Hayyu
creator: Siti Rodiah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-04-26
publication date: 2024-04-26
starting page: 27
ending page: 35
doi: 10.37385/raj.v4i1.4508

The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Stock Performance in the International Capital Market
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description: This study examines the impact of macroeconomic factors—specifically inflation, interest rates (BI Rate), and the rupiah exchange rate—on stock performance in the global capital market. Through rigorous statistical analysis, the research explores the relationships between these economic indicators and stock price movements across various international stock exchanges. The results offer valuable insights for investors and capital market practitioners, helping them anticipate risks and make more informed investment decisions amid the ever-changing dynamics of the global economy.
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creator: Johanes Prasetia Tarigan
creator: Yogi Pangestu
creator: M. Rizki
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-04-22
publication date: 2024-04-22
starting page: 10
ending page: 19
doi: 10.37385/raj.v4i1.6102

Public Accountants’ Ethical Perceptions in Dealing with Client Pressure: A Qualitative Study of Accounting Firms
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description: This study explores the ethical perceptions of public accountants in Jakarta when facing client pressures, employing a qualitative phenomenological approach. Through in-depth interviews with licensed auditors from mid-sized and large accounting firms, the research identifies common ethical dilemmas, decision-making processes, and the influence of organizational and cultural factors. Findings reveal that auditors frequently encounter pressures to overlook discrepancies or adjust financial statements, leading to conflicts between professional ethics and client satisfaction. The study highlights the role of firm culture, time budget pressures, and individual values in shaping ethical behavior. Strategies such as adherence to ethical guidelines, client communication, and seeking guidance from superiors were noted as key to maintaining integrity. The research underscores the need for robust ethical frameworks and continuous training to support auditors in navigating ethical challenges effectively.
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creator: Arsyila Luthfia Shanum
creator: Astri Ayu Purwati
creator: Mazzlida Mat Deli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-04-22
publication date: 2024-04-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Transparency and Accuracy: How Forensic Audits and Whistleblowers Create a Fraud-Free Business Environment
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description: This study aims to investigate the critical roles of forensic audits and whistleblowers in creating a business environment free from fraudulent practices. Through an in-depth analysis of their respective contributions, this research seeks to provide a better understanding of how transparency and accuracy can form the foundation for establishing a more ethical and fraud-free business environment. The research method used in this article is qualitative. This type of research falls under a literature review study by examining 10 relevant journals discussing how forensic audits and whistleblowers contribute to creating a fraud-free business environment. The selection of these ten articles was carried out through a filtering process using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was compiled through a literature review, with sources accessed from various platforms, including national and international journal websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Wiley. The results of this study indicate that transparency and accuracy are two main pillars in maintaining the integrity of the business environment. These principles are not only ethical guidelines but also the foundation for ensuring a business’s long-term success and sustainability. Forensic audits and whistleblowers are two key factors that play a vital role in fostering a fraud-free business environment.
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creator: Rasyid Setiawan
creator: Jeslyn Faiza Khansa
creator: Hana Pusvita
creator: Ledi Ledi
creator: Rama Gita Suci
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2024-04-26
publication date: 2024-04-26
starting page: 20
ending page: 26
doi: 10.37385/raj.v4i1.4516

Corporate Governance Practices in Transportation and Logistics Companies during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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description: The purpose of this study is to leverage and strengthen corporate governance during this pandemic, including advocating for best practice COVID disaster recovery plans, developing emergency response checklists, establishing efficient disaster responses, and strengthening monitoring mechanisms for employees, operations, finance, customers, and supply chain. Calculation of data using descriptive exploratory quantitative methods using literature studies, namely analysis of real conditions that occur at this time and secondary data in the form of articles, news, and research results from several national and international research institutions. and regional is very important because while some regions of the world have excellent logistical opportunities that contribute to their success, other regions on the other hand do not have these characteristics.
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creator: Maulana Nugraha
creator: Suryani Suryani
creator: Chyntia Juliani Nst
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-10-28
publication date: 2023-10-28
starting page: 71
ending page: 77
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i2.3182

Legal Protection in Short Selling Transactions in The Capital Market
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description: This study aims to: (1) examine and analyze the implementation of short selling transactions, and (2) explore and analyze the legal protection available to customers/investors involved in short selling within the Indonesian capital market. The data used in this research is obtained from library research or secondary sources, including articles, books, legal norms contained in laws and regulations, and other legal materials. The analysis is conducted using a descriptive research method, employing normative juridical approaches and comparative document analysis. The results of this study indicate that short selling is a high-risk transaction, necessitating adequate protection for investors and securities to foster a sense of security and confidence when transacting in the capital market. This protection can be provided by authoritative bodies in the capital market such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Stock Exchange, KSEI/KPEI, as well as through agreements between the involved parties.
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creator: Erika Liza Putri
creator: Yuni Rahmi
creator: Zul Azmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-08-28
publication date: 2023-08-28
starting page: 61
ending page: 70
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i2.3188

The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Movement of the Bisnis-27 Stock Index from January to December 2021
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description: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has also impacted the capital market, leading to changes in trading hours on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This situation served as a negative signal for investors, prompting many to sell their shareholdings. The results of this study indicate that an increase in the number of confirmed positive COVID-19 cases negatively affects the movement of the Bisnis-27 stock index. Similarly, the number of COVID-19-related deaths also has an impact on the index. However, the number of fully vaccinated individuals does not significantly influence the Bisnis-27 index. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that investors take into account the rising number of positive COVID-19 cases and related fatalities when making investment decisions in companies listed on the Bisnis-27 index.
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creator: Deny Shintia
creator: Istifar Dilla Hadistya
creator: Mutia Hardika
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-08-28
publication date: 2023-08-28
starting page: 55
ending page: 60
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i2.3180

Fundamental Analysis of Stocks Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (An Empirical Study of the IDX30 Index)
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description: The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of stocks listed in the IDX30 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, covering the period from 2017 to 2021, using fundamental analysis. This analysis aims to determine whether stock performance during this period was beneficial or detrimental to investors. The study focuses on key fundamental indicators, including Earnings Per Share (EPS), Price to Earnings Ratio (PER), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). Using purposive sampling, the study selected 15 companies that were consistently listed in the IDX30 index throughout the 2017–2021 period.
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creator: Arum Jayati
creator: Pasti Yohana Zein
creator: Perina Rama Jihan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-08-28
publication date: 2023-08-28
starting page: 49
ending page: 54
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i2.3186

Behavioral Accounting Aspects in Profit Planning and Budgeting
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description: The behavioral aspect of the budget relates to the human behavior involved when the budget is prepared and implemented. This study aims to determine the aspects that exist in profit planning and budgeting and also to find out about how it is applied to the theoretical system in behavioral accounting. In conducting this research, the writer uses a descriptive method. Descriptive research is a research method that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon being studied. The results of this study are that we are able to understand aspects of behavioral accounting in profit planning and budgeting.
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creator: Devi Romauli Br Sitanggang
creator: Naomi Putri Sion Silaban
creator: Pasca Apriyanti
creator: Putri Megawati
creator: Nanda Suryadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-08-28
publication date: 2023-08-28
starting page: 40
ending page: 48
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i2.3175

Implementation of Risk Management as an Anti-Fraud Strategy at PT BRI Sudirman Branch, Pekanbaru
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description: Consistent application of Risk Management in every business and operational activity can make the company a healthy company and grow sustainably. The implementation of good risk management is also able to minimize and prevent fraud. In December 2019, the Financial Services Authority issued guidelines on “Application of Anti-Fraud Strategy for Commercial Banks” which states that the implementation of anti-fraud strategy is part of the implementation of risk management, particularly those related to aspects of the internal control system. This study aims to determine whether the implementation of risk management by PT BRI KC Pekanbaru Sudirman is in accordance with OJK Regulation No. 13/POJK.03/2016 and POJK No. 39/POJK.03/2019. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, data collection techniques are carried out by conducting interviews and observations for some time. The results of this study are the implementation of risk management against anti-fraud strategies at PT BRI KC Pekanbaru Sudirman in accordance with OJK regulations no. 18/POJK.03/2016 concerning the implementation of risk management for commercial banks and POJK No. 39/POJK.03/2019 regarding guidelines for implementing anti-fraud strategies for commercial banks. The implementation of good risk management that has been carried out at PT BRI KC Pekanbaru Sudirman has reduced the rate of fraud
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creator: Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa
creator: Mentari Dwi Aristi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-04-15
publication date: 2023-04-15
starting page: 33
ending page: 39
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i3.3282

An Empirical Test of Weak-Form Market Efficiency in Bullish and Bearish Phases: Evidence from the LQ45 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
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description: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of weak-form market efficiency under two different market conditions: bullish and bearish, and how these conditions influence investor decision-making. Additionally, this research aims to demonstrate that investing in the capital market can offer investors reasonable and potentially promising returns. However, investor reactions to such information may vary. Differences in investors’ responses and perceptions lead to variations in stock buying and selling decisions. Similarly, stock fluctuations in the Indonesian capital market are highly volatile. A quantitative research method was employed using SPSS version 22 software, which included normality and run tests. The study utilized the LQ45 Index, one of Indonesia’s stock indices, comprising companies with high liquidity and large market capitalization. The test data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, including normality and run tests. The results of the normality tests indicate that returns during both bearish and bullish periods are not normally distributed. Furthermore, the run test results show that returns in both market conditions do not follow a random pattern, implying that the market is not weak-form efficient.
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creator: Alwi Khujaifah
creator: Dion Oktamade
creator: Dina Marlina Sagala
creator: Lesty Rahmadani
creator: Israr Fathoni
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-03-28
publication date: 2023-03-28
starting page: 27
ending page: 32
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i1.1890

Formation of Optimal Portfolio Using A Single Index in Pharmaceutical Companies
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description: The purpose of this study is to identify optimal portfolio stocks using the Single Index Model. This research applies a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population and sample consist of all pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), including: PT Merck Indonesia Tbk, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, PT Tempo Scan Pacific Tbk, PT Darya Varia Laboratoria Tbk, PT Indofarma (Persero) Tbk, PT Kimia Farma Tbk, PT Pyridam Farma Tbk, PT Sido Muncul Tbk, and PT Pharos Tbk. The data used are secondary data obtained from sources such as www.idx.co.id, www.yahoofinance.co.id, and www.bi.go.id through documentation and literature review techniques. The results show that three companies—SIDO, PYFA, and DVLA—are considered optimal for portfolio formation, as their Excess Return to Beta (ERB) values are higher than the corresponding cut-off point (Ci).
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creator: Sara Nurdia Rosa
creator: Ledia Tereza
creator: Efa Agustina
creator: Yulana Desilfa
creator: Dian Puji Puspita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-03-28
publication date: 2023-03-28
starting page: 19
ending page: 26
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i1.1892

The Influence of Deferred Tax Burden, Tax Planning, and Deferred Tax Assets on Earnings Management Strategy
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description: This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence on the influence of deferred tax burden, tax planning, and deferred tax assets on earnings management. The population used in this research consists of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study employs purposive sampling, with a total sample of 120 data points. The data analysis tool used is multiple linear regression and classical assumption tests using the SPSS application. The results of this study indicate that the Deferred Tax Burden has no effect on Earnings Management. Meanwhile, Tax Planning and Deferred Tax Assets have an effect on Earnings Management.
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creator: Lisa Novita
creator: Adriyanti Agustina Putri
creator: Wira Ramashar
creator: Nina Nursida
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Research in Accounting Journal (RAJ)
date: 2023-03-28
publication date: 2023-03-28
starting page: 11
ending page: 18
doi: 10.37385/raj.v3i1.1904