Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perdesaan: Mengintegrasikan Modal Manusia, Modal Sosial, Potensi Alam, Dan Kearifan Lokal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/2jvjh188Keywords:
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perdesaan; modal manusia; modal sosial; potensi alam; kearifan lokal; ekonomi desa; keberlanjutan.Abstract
Manajemen sumber daya manusia di wilayah perdesaan berbeda dengan yang ada di organisasi formal karena aktivitas ekonomi desa dibentuk oleh keterampilan masyarakat, hubungan sosial, sumber daya alam, dan kearifan lokal. Studi ini mengkaji perkembangan literatur Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perdesaan (RHRM) serta menelaah keterkaitan antara modal manusia, modal sosial, potensi alam, kearifan lokal, kinerja ekonomi desa, dan keberlanjutan. Kajian ini menerapkan sintesis konseptual dari berbagai studi mengenai HRM perdesaan, pengembangan ekonomi desa, badan usaha milik desa (BUMDes), kewirausahaan perdesaan, modal manusia, modal sosial, sumber daya alam, dan kearifan lokal. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa studi-studi sebelumnya sebagian besar masih bersifat parsial dan sektoral. Modal manusia umumnya dipandang sebagai kapasitas individu yang tercermin dalam kompetensi, pengetahuan, dan pelatihan, sementara modal sosial dikaitkan dengan kepercayaan, jejaring, norma, dan tindakan kolektif. Potensi alam umumnya dikaji sebagai sumber daya ekonomi, sedangkan kearifan lokal sering kali ditempatkan sebagai elemen sosial-budaya alih-alih sebagai bagian integral dari praktik HRM. Kajian ini mengusulkan RHRM sebagai kerangka kerja integratif yang menghubungkan kapabilitas individu, hubungan sosial, pemanfaatan sumber daya alam, dan nilai-nilai lokal. Sintesis antara *Resource-Based View* (Pandangan Berbasis Sumber Daya), Teori Modal Sosial, dan Manajemen Pribumi (*Indigenous Management*) menjelaskan bagaimana sumber daya khas desa dapat mendukung kinerja ekonomi serta keberlanjutan sosial, budaya, dan lingkungan.
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