Financial Technology Dan Transformasi Manajemen Keuangan UMKM: Systematic Literature Review Tentang Inklusi Keuangan, Efisiensi, Dan Kinerja Keuangan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/3wvdsn90Keywords:
Financial Technology; UMKM; inklusi keuangan; efisiensi manajemen keuangan; kinerja keuangan; Systematic Literature Review.Abstract
Perkembangan Financial Technology (FinTech) telah mengubah cara Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) mengakses, mengelola, dan memanfaatkan sumber daya keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensintesis literatur mengenai peran FinTech dalam transformasi manajemen keuangan UMKM dengan menitikberatkan pada tiga dimensi utama, yaitu inklusi keuangan, efisiensi manajemen keuangan, dan kinerja keuangan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada prinsip PRISMA 2020 dan SPAR-4-SLR. Literatur ditelusuri melalui basis data Scopus dan Web of Science, dengan sumber pendukung dari ScienceDirect, Emerald Insight, SpringerLink, dan Taylor & Francis Online untuk periode 2015-Agustus 2026. Studi yang memenuhi kriteria kemudian dianalisis menggunakan sintesis deskriptif dan tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa FinTech secara konsisten berkontribusi terhadap perluasan inklusi keuangan melalui peningkatan akses pembiayaan, pengurangan asimetri informasi, serta penurunan hambatan transaksi dan administratif. FinTech juga meningkatkan efisiensi manajemen keuangan melalui digitalisasi transaksi, pengurangan biaya, peningkatan keterlacakan informasi, serta optimalisasi pengelolaan arus kas dan sumber daya. Namun, pengaruh langsung FinTech terhadap kinerja keuangan menunjukkan hasil yang lebih beragam dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh konteks, kesiapan digital, literasi keuangan, serta kapasitas manajerial UMKM. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa inklusi keuangan dan efisiensi manajemen keuangan merupakan dua mekanisme penting yang menjembatani hubungan antara FinTech dan kinerja keuangan. Kajian ini berkontribusi dengan mengembangkan perspektif financial value creation yang menempatkan FinTech bukan sekadar sebagai instrumen digital, tetapi sebagai enabling mechanism yang mentransformasikan akses, proses, kapabilitas, dan penciptaan nilai keuangan UMKM secara berkelanjutan.
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