Administrasi Publik Berbasis Kecerdasan Artifisial Untuk Penciptaan Nilai Publik: Integrasi Kapasitas Administratif, Transparansi Algoritmik, Koproduksi, Dan Kepercayaan Warga
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/xs4g0v81Keywords:
administrasi publik; kecerdasan artifisial; kapasitas administratif; transparansi algoritmik; kepercayaan warga; nilai publikAbstract
Transformasi digital dan kecerdasan artifisial (AI) mengubah administrasi publik dari sistem yang terutama berorientasi pada prosedur menjadi arsitektur layanan yang semakin berbasis data, prediksi, otomasi, dan interaksi digital. Namun, peningkatan efisiensi tidak otomatis menghasilkan nilai publik karena kualitas implementasi bergantung pada kapasitas administratif, tata kelola AI, transparansi algoritmik, ruang diskresi aparatur, desain layanan, dan kepercayaan warga. Artikel ini bertujuan membangun kerangka integratif untuk menjelaskan bagaimana AI dapat digunakan dalam administrasi publik tanpa mengorbankan akuntabilitas, inklusi, dan legitimasi. Penelitian menggunakan structured integrative literature review yang memprioritaskan 34 studi inti peer-reviewed pada periode 2018–2023 dari jurnal administrasi publik, pemerintahan digital, sistem informasi, dan teknologi masyarakat, dengan verifikasi DOI pada sumber penerbit. Sintesis menunjukkan lima mekanisme yang saling terhubung: kapasitas administratif sebagai prasyarat, tata kelola AI yang bertanggung jawab sebagai mekanisme pengendali, transparansi dan explainability sebagai fondasi keadilan prosedural, koproduksi sebagai mekanisme penyelarasan kebutuhan, dan kepercayaan warga sebagai jembatan menuju penciptaan nilai publik. Artikel juga menunjukkan bahwa otomatisasi yang tidak sensitif terhadap kompleksitas kasus dapat memindahkan beban administratif kepada warga dan memperbesar ketimpangan. Kontribusi utama penelitian adalah model integratif kapasitas administratif, tata kelola, kepercayaan warga, dan nilai publik yang menempatkan pengawasan manusia, inklusi digital, perlindungan data, dan akuntabilitas sebagai kondisi lintas tahap. Kerangka ini menawarkan agenda penelitian sekaligus panduan implementasi bagi organisasi publik, termasuk pemerintah daerah di Indonesia, untuk mengembangkan layanan digital yang efisien, dapat dijelaskan, adil, dan berorientasi pada nilai publik.
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