Pengaruh Kebijakan Stimulus Tiket Pemerintah dan Harga Terhadap Kinerja Maskapai di Indonesia Melalui Jumlah Penumpang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/ceej.v7i1.11567Keywords:
Kebijakan Stimulus Tiket Pemerintah, Harga, Jumlah Penumpang; Kinerja Maskapai, ARDLAbstract
Industri penerbangan merupakan sektor strategis yang mendukung mobilitas masyarakat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan stimulus tiket pesawat yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jumlah penumpang dan kinerja maskapai. Berdasarkan Teori Permintaan (Demand Theory) dan Teori Revenue Management, kebijakan stimulus pemerintah dan harga memengaruhi permintaan jasa transportasi udara yang berdampak pada kinerja maskapai. Namun, hasil penelitian terdahulu masih menunjukkan inkonsistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan stimulus tiket pemerintah dan harga terhadap kinerja maskapai, baik secara langsung maupun melalui jumlah penumpang sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder bulanan salah satu maskapai berbiaya rendah (low-cost carrier) yang beroperasi di Bandar Udara Internasional Juanda Surabaya selama Januari 2023–Desember 2025. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan model Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) pada EViews Versi 12, sedangkan pengujian mediasi menggunakan Sobel Test Calculator berbasis daring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan stimulus tiket pemerintah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah penumpang (t = −0,5036; p = 0,6181), kinerja maskapai (t = −0,3677; p = 0,7157), maupun melalui jumlah penumpang (t = −0,5036; p = 0,6146). Sebaliknya, harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah penumpang (t = 4,3109; p = 0,0002), kinerja maskapai (t = 21,4715; p < 0,001), dan melalui jumlah penumpang (t = 4,2831; p < 0,001). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi penetapan harga lebih berperan dalam meningkatkan kinerja maskapai dibandingkan kebijakan stimulus pemerintah.
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