The Effect Of Spiritual Leadership, Work Values, Work Engagement, And Job Satisfaction On Organizational Commitment And Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/ceej.v7i4.12095Keywords:
Job Satisfaction; Organizational Citizenship Behaviour; Organizational Commitment; Spiritual Leadership; Work EngagementAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of Spiritual Leadership, Work Values, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour among public elementary school teachers in Jakarta. Using a quantitative approach, this study involved public elementary school teachers with Civil Servant and Government Employee with Work Agreement status as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that Work Values positively influence Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement, while Job Satisfaction positively influences Work Engagement. However, Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction do not directly influence Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Spiritual Leadership positively influences Organizational Commitment but does not directly influence Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Furthermore, Organizational Commitment positively influences Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and mediates the relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. These findings indicate that Organizational Commitment plays an important role in translating spiritual leadership into teachers' organizational citizenship behaviour. The study highlights the importance of strengthening organizational commitment and spiritual leadership among school principals as managerial strategies to encourage positive work behaviour and organizational citizenship among public elementary school teachers in Jakarta
References
Aisah, T. N., Widhiandono, H., Kharismasyah, A. Y., & Zamakhsyari, L. (2025). The influence of organizational commitment and organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior mediated by job satisfaction. Asian Journal of Management Analytics, 4(3), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajma.v4i3.14943
Al-dalahmeh, M., Masa'deh, R., Abu Khalaf, R. K., & Obeidat, B. Y. (2020). The effect of employee engagement on organizational performance via the mediating role of job satisfaction: The case of IT employees in Jordan. Modern Applied Science, 14(6), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n6p17
Ashfaq, B., & Hamid, A. (2021). Person-organization fit and organization citizenship behavior: Modeling the work engagement as a mediator. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 13(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-12-2019-0255
Ayalew, B. M., & Walia, N. (2024). Does job satisfaction mediate the nexus between perceived organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior? Empirical evidence from Ethiopian public higher education institutions. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), Article 2297801. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2297801
Bismala, L., Hafsah, H., Handayani, S., & Indari, A. (2024). Workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB): Employee engagement mediation. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 14(1), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v14.i1.202420
Carrier, B. M., Ratelle, C. F., & Le Corff, Y. (2022). Work values and job satisfaction: The mediating role of basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Career Development, 49(6), 1390–1403. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453211013326
Djaelani, A. K., Sanusi, A., & Trianmanto, B. (2020). Spiritual leadership, job satisfaction, and its effect on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Management Science Letters, 10(16), 3907–3914. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.7.020
Ennida, K., & Allouani, S. A. (2023). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teacher-researchers through organizational citizenship behavior: A literature review. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(3), 164–184. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.113011
Feng, G., Shi, K., Huang, Q., & Ma, J. (2024). The impact of work values on the professional development of primary and secondary school teachers: A moderated mediation model. PLOS ONE, 19(11), e0310078. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310078
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835–862.
Fute, M., Oubibi, B., Sun, B., Zhou, Y., & Xiao, W. (2022). Work values predict job satisfaction among Chinese teachers during COVID-19: The mediation role of work engagement. Sustainability, 14(3), 1353. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031353
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Handayani, S., & Rahmawati, D. (2023). Pengaruh kepemimpinan spiritual terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 24(1), 75–89.
Harding, D., Kadiyono, A. L., & Talitha, R. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior untuk mewujudkan pendidikan berkualitas di sekolah. Jurnal Psikologi Sains dan Profesi, 4(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v4i1.26467
Hasibuan, J. S., Jufrizen, J., & Farisi, S. (2025). Work-life balance dan kepuasan kerja terhadap organizational citizenship behavior: Peran mediasi work engagement. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 26(1), 38–56.
Hasibuan, J. S., & Wahyuni, S. F. (2022). Spiritual leadership dan emotional intelligence terhadap organizational citizenship behavior: Peran mediasi workplace spirituality dan job satisfaction. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 23(1), 93–108.
Khan, N. U., Ahmad, B., & Khan, S. (2022). Shifting the lens to spiritual leadership: Assessing its impact on teachers' organizational citizenship behavior in educational institutions. Journal of Management and Spirituality, 19(3), 284–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2022.2043921
Kozina, A., & Pivec, T. (2026). Positive teacher development model: Pathways to teachers' job satisfaction and burnout. Teaching and Teacher Education, 175, Article 105475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2026.105475
Lahmar, H., Chaouki, F., & Rodhain, F. (2023). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: A 21-year systematic literature review. Journal of Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1177/09716858231154401
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Rand McNally.
Mehrali, K., Mohsenpour, M., & Abdollahi, A. (2025). The mediating role of academic engagement in the relationship between academic hope and academic adjustment of undergraduate students: The role of gender as a moderator. Brain and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70220
Meria, L., Hidayat, S., Santiago, N. D., Saukani, & Khotimah, S. H. (2024). Blending work values, engagement, and satisfaction to drive OCB in technopreneurial startups. APTISI Transactions on Technopreneurship, 6(3), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v6i3.449
Musringudin, Dinihari, Y., & Afriantoni. (2021). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of high school principals. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 3030–3039. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.1371
Na-Nan, K., Kanthong, S., Joungtrakul, J., & Smith, I. D. (2020). Mediating effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment between problems with performance appraisal and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030064
Omar, M., Irbad, M. D., & Jalil, M. A. (2025). Work values and job satisfaction towards psychological well-being among secondary school teachers. AIJR Abstracts, 7(4), 62–63.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior: Recent trends and developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619.
Sapta, I. K. S., Rustiarini, N. W., Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T., & Astakoni, I. M. P. (2021). Spiritual leadership and organizational commitment: The mediation role of workplace spirituality. Cogent Business & Management, Article 1966865. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1966865
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
Somech, A., & Oplatka, I. (2015). Organizational citizenship behavior in schools: Examining the impact and opportunities within educational systems. Routledge.
Tiara, R., & Wulan. (2024). The effect of work environment on work engagement mediated by job satisfaction: A study of junior high school teachers in Bekasi. Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(3), 523–535.
Uchechukwu, O. G. (2025). Assessment of the effects of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational commitment. Human Resource and Leadership Journal, 10(3), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.47941/hrlj.2772
Zhao, Y. (2020). COVID-19 as a catalyst for educational change. Prospects, 49(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09477-y
Template


