Tantangan dan Peluang Penerapan E-Government dalam Mewujudkan Birokrasi yang Efektif: Suatu Kajian Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/ceej.v6i6.9648Keywords:
e-government, kapasitas SDM, budaya organisasi birokrasi, efektivitas birokrasi, transformasi digitalAbstract
Transformasi digital dalam sektor publik semakin mendesak seiring meningkatnya tuntutan masyarakat terhadap layanan pemerintah yang cepat, transparan, dan responsif. Namun, implementasi e-government di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, masih menghadapi hambatan struktural, teknologis, dan kultural yang perlu dikaji secara mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan dan peluang penerapan e-government dalam mewujudkan birokrasi yang efektif melalui kajian literatur sistematis. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur (Systematic Literature Review/SLR) yang dilakukan dengan menelusuri artikel-artikel pada basis data Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, SpringerLink, dan SAGE. Proses seleksi artikel mengikuti protokol PRISMA dengan kriteria inklusi berdasarkan topik, rentang tahun 2019–2024, dan kelengkapan naskah. Sebanyak 32 artikel yang relevan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis dan thematic analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan e-government tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kesiapan teknologi, tetapi sangat dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas sumber daya manusia, budaya organisasi birokrasi, dan keselarasan tata kelola internal. E-government terbukti mampu meningkatkan efektivitas birokrasi melalui penyederhanaan proses, peningkatan akuntabilitas, dan penguatan koordinasi lintas instansi apabila didukung oleh SDM yang kompeten dan budaya organisasi yang adaptif. Temuan ini berimplikasi pada pentingnya penguatan kapasitas digital aparatur, reformasi budaya kerja birokrasi, serta pengembangan kebijakan tata kelola digital yang terpadu dalam mendukung keberlanjutan implementasi e-government.
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