Manajemen Risiko Dan Krisis Dalam Industri Hospitality Dan Pariwisata: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis Berbasis Protokol PRISMA Periode 2020–2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37385/ceej.v7i6.11556Keywords:
Manajemen Risiko; Manajemen Krisis; Hospitality dan Pariwisata; Resiliensi; Systematic Literature Review; PRISMA.Abstract
Industri hospitality dan pariwisata (H&T) merupakan salah satu sektor yang paling rentan terhadap krisis multidimensi, sebagaimana ditegaskan oleh disrupsi pandemi COVID-19 yang menurunkan kedatangan wisatawan global hingga 74% dan menimbulkan kerugian sekitar USD 4,5 triliun. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan secara sistematis perkembangan, kerangka teoretis, tipologi risiko, serta strategi mitigasi dan resiliensi dalam riset manajemen risiko dan krisis di sektor H&T pada periode 2020–2025, sekaligus merumuskan implikasinya bagi pariwisata Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol PRISMA 2020 melalui penelusuran enam basis data (Scopus, ScienceDirect, Emerald, DOAJ, Garuda, dan penelusuran manual). Dari 1.347 rekaman teridentifikasi, sebanyak 42 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis melalui sintesis naratif-tematik. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tujuh klaster tematik, dengan dominasi kajian krisis pandemi (COVID-19) dan resiliensi organisasi. Empat kerangka konseptual paling berpengaruh adalah ISO 31000:2018, siklus krisis Fink (1986), model lima fase Mitroff (1994), dan kerangka 4R Ritchie dan Jiang (2019). Temuan utama menunjukkan adanya pergeseran paradigma dari pemulihan reaktif (recovery) menuju ketangguhan proaktif (resilience) berbasis kapabilitas dinamis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan sebuah model integratif temporal tiga tahap (pra-krisis, saat krisis, pasca-krisis) yang memadukan keempat kerangka tersebut sebagai panduan strategis bagi pengelola H&T, khususnya dalam konteks Indonesia yang sarat dengan risiko bencana alam, keamanan, dan biologis.
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